18. PREDATION, FOOD AND FEEDING HABITS, NUTRITION STUDIES


18.001  Allen, D. L.  1979.  How wolves kill.  Natural History, 88(5) 46-51.  
              WR 190:67      ZR 116(19):425  
  
18.002  Almasan, H., G. Scarlatescu, V., N. Nesterov, and L. Manolache.  1970.  
        Contribution to the knowledgeof the feeding behavior of Canis lupus in the  
        Romanian Carpathian Mountains.  Pages 523-529 in Transactions of the IX  
        International dress of Game Biologists (A. G. Bannikov, ed.).  Moscow. [in  
        French; Russian summary]  
              WR 144:54      WR 164:41  
 
18.003  Anonymous.  1970.  Hunters no match for Canis lupus.  National Parks and  
        Conservation Magazine, 44(275):28.  
              ZR 107(19):3  
  
18.004  Anonymous.  1974.  Wolf food lures in Italy.  Levende Natuur, 77(6):144.  [in  
        Danish]  
              ZR 111(19):3  
  
18.005  Badridze, Ya. K.  1985.  Onthogenesis of feeding behavior.  Pages 497-501 in  
        The Wolf.  History, Systematics, Morphology, Ecology (D. I. Bibikov, ed.).  
        Nauka, Moscow, USSR.  [in Russian]  
              ZR 123(19):573  
  
18.006  Badridze, Ya. K.  1987.  Food behavior of the wolf.  Metsniereba, Tbilisi,  
        Georgian SSR.  [in Russian]  
              OCLC  
  
18.007  Ballard, W. B., C. L. Gardner, and S. D. Miller.  1980.  Influence of predators  
        on summer movements of moose in southcentral Alaska.  Pages 338-359 in  
        Proceeding of the North American Moose Conference and Workshop, no. 16.  St.  
        John's Newfoundland, Canada.  
              WR 189:105  
  
18.008  Ballard, W. B., T. Spraker, S. Eide, K. P. Taylor, A. W. Franzmann, A. Flynn,  
        and J. C. Schlotthauer.  1979.  Big game investigation.  Wolf populations and  
        movements in relation to those prey species.  Wolf food habits.  Impact of wolf  
        predation upon ungulate populations.  Project Pros Report, no. 2.  Alaska  
        Division of Game, Juneau, AK.  
              ZR 116(19):638  
  
18.009  Bergerud, A. T.  1974.  Decline of caribou in North America following  
        settlement.  Journal of Wildlife Management, 38:757-770.  
              BA 60:19197  
  
18.010  Bergerud, A. T.  1983.  The natural population control of caribou.  Pages 14-61  
        in Symposium on Natural Population Regulation of Wildlife Populations (F. L.  
        Bunnell, D. S. Eastman, and J. M. Peek, eds.).  University of Idaho, Forest,  
        Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, Moscow, ID.  
              ZR 123(19):853  
  
18.011  Bergerud, A. T.  1985.  Antipredator strategies of caribou:  Dispersion along  
        shorelines.  Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63:1324-1329.  
              BA 81:12506    WR 199:117     ZR 122(19):654  

18.012  Bergerud, A. T., H. E. Butler, and D. R. Miller.  1984.  Antipredator tactics of  
        calving caribou (Rangifer tarandus):  Dispersion in the mountains.  Canadian  
        Journal of Zoology, 62:1566-1575.  
              BA 79:11584    ZR 121(19):704  
  
18.013  Bergerud, A. T., and J. P. Elliot.  1986.  Dynamics of caribou and wolves in  
        northern British Columbia.  Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64:1515-1529.  
              BA 82:110491   WR 204:38      ZR 123(19):852  
  
18.014  Bergerud, A. T. and R. E. Page.  1987.  Displacement and dispersion of  
        parturient caribou at calving as antipredator tactics.  Canadian Journal of  
        Zoology, 65:1597-1606.  
              BA 85:25191    ZR 124(19):863   
 
18.015  Bergerud, A. T., W. Wyett, and B. Snider.  1983.  The role of wolf predation  
        in limiting a moose population.  Journal of Wildlife Management, 47:977-988.  
              BA 77:74289    WR 192:33      ZR 120(19):729  
  
18.016  Bibikov, D. I., A. N. Kudaktin, and L. S. Ryabov.  1985.  Synathropic wolves:  
        Distribution, ecology.  Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 64:429-441.  [in Russian;  
        English and Russian summaries]  
              BA 80:94221  
  
18.016a Bishop, R. H. and R. A. Rausch.  1974.  Moose population fluctuations in Alaska,  
        1950-1972.  Naturaliste Canadien, 101:559-593.  
  
18.017  Bisht, R. S. and S. P. Bhatnagar.  1979.  Some insects, mammals, and birds  
        feeding on Lantana camara in Klumaon, India.  Indian Journal of Entomology,  
        41(2):196-197.  
              BI 19:20885    ZR 120(19):817  
  
18.018  Bjarvall, A. and E. Isakson.  1985.  Six Swedish wolves are rescued.  Sveriges  
        Natur, 76(4):32-35 [in Swedish]  
              ZR 122(19):735  
  
18.019  Bjarvall, A. and E. Nilsson.  1976.  Surplus-killing of reindeer by wolves.  
        Journal of Mammalogy, 57:585.  
              WR 163:20      ZR 113(19):18  
  
18.020  Bjorge, R. R.  1983.  Mortality of cattle on two types of grazing areas in  
        northwestern Alberta.  Journal of Range Management, 36:20-21.  
              RLIN  
  
18.021  Bjorge, R. R. and J. R. Gunson.  1983.  Wolf predation of cattle on the  
        Simonette River pastures in northwestern Alberta.  Pages 106-111 in Wolves in  
        Canada and Alaska; Canadian Wildlife Service art Series no. 45 (L. N.  
        Carbyn, ed.).  Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.  
              CA 83:225      WR 201:90      ZR 120(19):830  
  
18.022  Boles, B. K. 1977.  Predation by wolves on wolverines.  Canadian Field-  
        Naturalist, 91:68-69.  
              BI 78:13528    WR 166:26      ZR 114(19):26   
   
18.023  Bromley, R. G.  1973.  Fishing behavior of a wolf on the Taltson River,  
        Northwest Territories.  Canadian Field-Naturalist, 87:301-303.  
              BA 57:58537    ZR 110(19):27  
  
18.024  Brtek, L. and J. Voskar.  1987.  Food biology of the wolf in Slovak Carpathians.  
        Biologia (Bratislava), 42:985-990.  [in Czech; English and Russian summaries]  
              BA 85:109388   WR 209:52      ZR 124(19):1278  
  
18.025  Buskirk, S. W. and P. S. Gipson.  1978.  Characteristics of wolf attacks on  
        moose in Mount McKinley National Park, Alaska.  Arctic, 31:499-502.  
              BA 68:72698    WR 176:42      ZR 115(19):904  
  
18.026  Calef, G. W. and J. Van Camp.  1987.  Seasonal distribution, group size and  
        structure, and movements of bison herds.  Canadian Wildlife Service Occasional  
        Paper, no. 63.  Canadian Wildlife Serive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.  
              ZR 124(19):1418  
  
18.027  Carbyn, L. N.  1975.  Wolf predation and behavioural interations with elk and  
        other ungulates in an area of high prey diversity.  Ph. D. Thesis.  University  
        of Toronto.  
              AD 74/75:443  
  
18.028  Carbyn, L. N.  1975.  Factors influencing activity patterns of ungulates at  
        mineral licks.  Canadian Journal of Zoology, 53:378-384.  
              BA 60:29365  
  
18.029  Carbyn, L. N.  1977.  Preliminary analysis of wolf-ungulate interactions with  
        specific reference to moose in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba.  Pages  
        283-289 in Proceedings of the North American Moose Conference and Workshop, no.  
        13.  St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.  
              WR 189:35  
  
18.030  Carbyn, L. N.  1983.  Wolf predation on elk in Riding Mountain National Park,  
        Manitoba.  Journal of Wildlife Management, 47:963-976.  
              BA 77:74288    WR 192:33      ZR 120(19):1261  
  
18.031  Carbyn, L. N. and M. C. S. Kingsley.  1979.  Summer food habits of wolves with  
        the emphasis on moose in Riding Mountain National Park.  Pages 349-361  
        in Proceedings of the North American Moose Conference and Workshop, no. 15.  St.  
        John's, Newfoundland, Canada.  
              WR 189:35  
  
18.032  Carbyn, L. N. and T. Trottier.  1987.  Responses of bison on their calving  
        grounds to predation by wolves in Wood Buffalo National Park.  Canadian Journal  
        of Zoology, 65:2072-2078.  
              BA 85:25217    WR 208:48      ZR 124(19):1459  
  
18.033  Child, K. N., K. K. Fujino, and M. W. Warren.  1978.  A gray wolf (Canis lupus  
        columbianus) and stone sheep (Ovis dalli stonei) fatal predator-prey encounter.  
        Canadian Field-Naturalist, 92:399-401.  
              BA 67:72533    WR 173:39      ZR 115(19):1094   

18.034  Chudik, I.  1972.  Effect of predation on Cervidae and damage to forestry  
        plantations.  Ceskoslovenska Ochrana Prirody, 13:249-267.  [in Czech; English,  
        Russian, and German summaries]  
              ZR 110(19):36  
  
18.035  Colinvaux, P. A. and B. D. Barnett.  1979.  Lindeman and the ecological  
        efficiency of wolves.  American Naturalist, 114:707-718.  
              BA 69:35970    WR 183:62      ZR 116(19):1440  
  
18.036  Crete, M., M. Belanger, and J. Tremblay.  1981.  Alimentary diet of the wolf  
        in southeast Quebec from May to October.  Naturaliste Canadien, 108(2):167-173.  
        [in French]  
              ZR 118(19):1368  
  
18.037  Cummings, H. G.  1975.  Clumping behavior and predation with special reference  
        to caribou.  Pages 474-497 in Proceedings of the First Internatinal Reindeer and  
        Caribou Symposium; Biological Papers of the University of Alaska, Special  
        Report, no. 1 (J. R. Luick, ed.).  University of Alaska, Institute of Arctic  
        Biology, Fairbanks, AK.  
              BI 77:96883   
    
18.038  Dauphine, T. C.  1969.  A wolf kills a caribou calf.  Blue Jay, 27:99.  
              BI 69:54530    WR 140:37  
  
18.039  Davis. J. L., R. Shideler, and R. E. Leresche.  1978.  Big game investigations.  
        Movements and distribution of the Fortymile caribou herd; final report.  Alaska  
        Division of Game, Juneau, AK.  
              ZR 116(19):1648  
  
18.040  Davis. J. L., R. Shideler, and R. E. Leresche.  1978.  Big game investigations.  
        Size, composition, and productivity of the Fortymile caribou herd; final report.  
        Alaska Division of Game, Juneau, AK.  
              ZR 116(19):1650   
   
18.041  Davis, J. L., P. Valkenburg, and R. D. Boertje.  1983.  Demography and limiting  
        factors of Alaska's delta caribou herd.  Pages 135-137 in Acta Zoologica  
        Fennica, no. 174 (E. Pulliainen and 5. Sulkava, eds.).  Societas pro Fauna et  
        Flora Fennica, Helsinki, Finland.  
              LIFE  
  
18.042  DelGiudice, G. D,, U. S. Seal, and L. D. Mech.  1987.  Effects of feeding and  
        fasting on wolf blood and urine characterics.  Journal of Wildlife Management,  
        51:1-10,  
              BA 84:44837    WR 206:101     ZR 124(19):2182  
  
18.043  Didrickson, J. and K. P. Taylor.  1978.  Big game investigations, Lower Susitna  
        Valley moose population identity study; final report.  Alaska Division of Game,  
        Juneau, AK.  
              ZR 116(19):1768  
  
18.044  Dorrance, M. J. 1982.  Predation losses of cattle in Alberta, Canada.  Journal  
        of Wildlife Management, 35:690-692.  
              BA 76:25145    ZR 119(19):1960   
  
18.045  Edwards, J.  1983.  Diet shifts in moose due to predator avoidance.  Oecologia,  
        60(2):185-189.  
              ZR 120(19):2220  
  
18.046  Eide, S. H. and W. B. Ballard.  1982.  Apparent case of surplus killing of  
        caribou by gray wolves.  Canadian Field-Naturalist, 96:87-88.  
              BI 24:32807    WR 187:42      ZR 119(19):2117  
  
18.047  Elliott, C. L. and J. D. McKendrick.  1984.  Wildlife food habits and habitat  
        use on revegetated stripmine land in Alaska; final report.  University of  
        Alaska, Fairbanks, AK.  
              NT 86:603445  
  
18.048  Fedosenko, A. K. 1986.  On the mortality of Ovis orientalis in west Ustyurt.  
        Pages 33-36 in Rare Species of Animals of Kazakhstan (E. V. Gvozdev, ed.).  
        Nauka, Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, USSR.  [in Russian]  
              ZR 124(19):2726  
  
18.049  Ferguson, J. H.  1973.  Dyamics of free fatty acid mobilzation in arctic  
        carnivores.  Arctic Institute of North America, Washington.  
              NT 74:02-65  
  
18.050  Ferguson, J. H. and T. D, Schultz.  1978.  Lipid turnover in the tundra wolf,  
        Canis lupis tundraum.  Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology; A. Comparative  
        Physiology, 161:439-440,  
              BA 67:48538    WR 172:50      ZR 115(19):1846  
  
18.051  Filonov, K. P. and M. L. Kaletskaya.  1982.  The moose and wolf in the Darwin  
        State Reserve.  Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 61:1893-1900, [in Russian; English  
        summary]  
              BA 77:1977     WR 189:36      ZR 119(19):2326   
   
18.052  Filonov, K. P. and M. L. Kaletskaya.  1985.  Feeding and biocoenotic  
        relationships.  Influence of wolf predation on wild ungulates.  Pages 557-562 in  
        The Wolf, History, Systematics, Morphology Ecology (D, I. Bibikov, ed.).  
        Nauka, Moscow, USSR.  [in Russian]  
              ZR 123(19):2694  
  
18.053  Floyd, T. J,, L. D. Mech, and P. A. Jordan.  1978.  Relating wolf scat content  
        to prey consumed.  Journal of Wildlife Management, 42:528-532.  
              BA 67:72693    WR 171:51      ZR 115(19):1930  
  
18.054  Formozov, A. N, and B. A. Golov.  1975.  Wolves as pests in animal husbandry in  
        the Uralsk and Guryev Oblasts, Kazakh-SSR (USSR).  Byulleten' Moskovskogo  
        Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody Otdel Biologicheskii, 80:108-116.  [in Russian;  
        English summary]  
              BA 61:7115     ZR 112(19):70  
  
18.055  Fox, J. L. and G. P. Streveler.  1979.  Wolf predation of mountain goats in  
        southeast Alaska.  Page 639 in Proceedings of the Alaska Science Conference, 29.  
        Alaska Division, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Fairbanks,  
        AK.  [abstract only]  
              WR 177:36      ZR 116(19) 2303   
   
18.056  Fox, J. L. and G. P. Streveler.  1986.  Wolf predation on mountain goats in  
        southeastern Alaska.  Journal of Mammalogy, 67:192-195.  
              BI 31:857      WR 201:42      ZR 123(l9):2801  
  
18.057  Franzmann, A. W.  1978.  Moose.  Pages 67-81 in  Big Game of North America:  
        Ecology and Management (J. L. Schmidt and D. L. Gilbert, eds.).  Stackpole  
        Books, Harrisburg, PA.  
             ZR 119(19):2463  
  
18.058  Franzmann, A. W. and P. D. Arneson.  1976.  Marrow fat in Alaskan moose femurs  
        in relation to mortality factors.  Journal of Wildlife Management, 40:336-339.  
              BA 62:47998  
  
18.059  Franzmann, A. W., C. C. Schwartz, and D. C. Johnson.  1983.  Kenai Peninsula  
        moose calf mortality study.  Project Progress Report, no. 1.  Alaska Division of  
        Game, Juneau, AK.  
              ZR 120(19):2632  
  
18.060  Franzmann, A. W., C. C. Schwartz, and D. C. Johnson.  1984.  Kenai Peninsula  
        moose calf mortality study; project progress report.  Alaska Division of Game,  
        Juneau, AK.  
              ZR 121(19):2418  
  
18.061  Franzmann, A. W., C. C. Schwartz, and R. O. Peterson.  1979.  Big game  
        investigations.  Kenai Peninsula moose calf mortality study; final report.  
        Alaska Division of Game, Juneau, AK.  
              ZR 116(19):2327  
  
18.062  Franzmann, A. W., C. C. Schwartz, and R. O. Peterson.  1980.  Moose (Alces  
        alces) calf mortality in summer on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska.  Journal of  
        Wildlife Management, 44:764-768.  
              BI 19:54763  
  
18.063  Freeman, M. M. R.  1971.  Population characteristics of musk-oxen in Jones  
        Sound region of the Northwest Territories.  Journal of Wildlife Management, 35:  
        108-108.  
              BA 52:65808  
  
18.064  Frenzel, L. D.  1974.  Occurrence of moose in food of wolves as revealed by scat  
        analyses:  A review of North American studies.  Naturaliste Canadien, 101:  
        467-479.  
              BI 75:55649    ZR 112(19):72  
  
18.065  Frijlink, J. H.  1977.  Patterns of wolf pack movements prior to kills as read  
        from tracks in Algonguin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada.  Bijdragen tot de  
        Dierkunde, 47:131-137.  
              BA 65:62254    WR 174:83      ZR 114(19):73  
  
18.066  Fritts, S. H.  1982.  Wolf predation of livestock in Minnesota.  Resource  
        Publication, no. 145.  U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service,  
        Washington.  
              MC 82-19474    WR 185:75   
    
18.067  Fuller, T. K. 1986.  Observations of moose, Alces alces, in peripheral range in  
        northcentral Minnesota.  Canadian Field-Naturalist, 100:359-362.  
              BA 83:78269    ZR 123(19):2887  
  
18.068  Fuller, T. K., P. L. Coy, and W. J. Peterson.  1986.  Marrow fat relationships  
        among leg bones of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).  Wildlife Society  
        Bulletin, 14:73-75.  
              BI 31:864  
  
18.069  Gagnon, M. A.  1980.  The rapid loss of deer.  Quebec Science, 19(3) 36-41.  
        [in French]  
              ZR 119(19):2526  
  
18.070  Garbuzov, V. K., S. N. Varshavskii, M. N. Shilov, B. S. Varshavskii, B. V.  
        Garbuzov.  1982.  Some characteristics of wolf ecology in relation to its  
        biocenotic role in the uninhabited landscape of northern Priural.  Pages 49-51  
        The Animal World of Kazakhstan and the Problems of its Conservation (E. V.  
        Gvozdev, ed.).  Nauka, Alma-Ata, USSR.  [in Russian]  
              ZR 123(19):2958  
  
18.071  Gasaway, W. C., R. Stephenson, and J. Davis.  1983.  Wolf-prey relationships in  
        interior Alaska.  Alaska Division of Game, Juneau, AK.  
              SP 75:1993  
  
18.072  Gasaway, W. C., R. O. Stephenson, and L. B. Jennings.  1984.  Wolf-moose  
        relationships in game management unit 20A following wolf control; progress  
        report.  Alaska Division of Game, Juneau, AK.  
              ZR 121(19):2556   
    
18.073  Gasaway, W. C., R. D. Boertje, D. V. Grangaara, D. G. Kelleyhouse, and R. O  
        Stephenson.  1986.  Factors limiting moose population growth in game management  
        unit 20E; project progress report.  Alaska Division of Game, Juneau, AK.  
              ZR 123(19):2978  
  
18.074  Gauthier, D. A.  1986.  Population limitation in the Burwash caribou herd,  
        southwest Yukon.  Ph. D. Thesis.  University of Waterloo.  
              DA 46B:2545    WR 202:41      ZR 123(19):2995  
  
18.075  Gauthier, D. A. and J. B. Theberge.  1986.  Wolf predation in the Burwash  
        caribou herd, southwest Yukon.  Pages 137-144 in Fourth International Reindeer/  
        Caribou Syposium (A. Gunn, F. L. Miller, and S. Skjenneberd, eds.).  Northwest  
        Territories Department of Renewable Resources, Cambridge Bay, Northwest  
        Territories, Canada.  
              BI 32:119667  
  
18.076  Gauthier, D. A. and J. B. Theberge.  1986.  Wolf predation in the Burwash  
        caribou herd, southwest Yukon.  Pages 137-144 in Rangifer, special issue no. 1.  
        Nordic Council of Reindeer Research, Harstad, Norway.  
              WR 208:48  
  
18.077  Gipson, P. S. and J. A. Sealander.  1976.  Changing food habits of wild Canis  
        in Arkansas with emphasis on coyotes hybrids and feral dogs.  American Midland  
        Naturalist, 95:249-253.  
              BA 61:47727    WR 160:11      ZR 113(19):62   
   
18.078  Gray, D. R.  1970.  The killing of a bull muskox by a single wolf.  Arctic, 23:  
        197-199.  
              WR 140:37      ZR l08(19):45  
  
18.079  Gray, D. R.  1983.  Interactions between wolves and muskoxen on Bathurst Island,  
        N.W.T., Canada.  Pages 55-57 in Acta Zoologica Fennica, no. 174 (E. Pulliainen  
        and S. Sulkava, eds.).  Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, Helsinki, Finland.  
              WR 193:59      ZR 120(19):3068  
  
18.080  Gunson, J. R.  1983.  Wolf predation of livestock in western Canada.  Pages 567-  
        570 in Wolves in Canada and Alaska; Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series, no.  
        45 (L. N. Carbyn, ed.).  Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.  
              CA 83:225      WR 201:92  
  
18.081  Gurskii, I. G., and L. F. Nazarenko.  1969.  The action of wolves on the size of  
        the roe deer population in the steppes of the Black Sea foreland.  Pages 168-169  
        in Natural Productivity of the Hunting Lands of the USSR, part 2.  Kirov,  
        U.S.S.R.  [in Russian]  
              BI 70:42494  
  
18.082  Haber, G. C.  1977.  Socioecological dynamics of wolves and prey in a subarctic  
        ecosystem.  Ph. D. Thesis.  University of British Columbia.  
              DA 398:5738    ZR 115(19):2418  
  
18.083  Haber, G. C.  1977.  Socioecological dynamics of wolves and prey in a subarctic  
        ecosystem.  Joint Federal-State Land Use Planning Commission, Anchorage, AK.  
              SP 71:11424   
  
18.084  Haber, G. C.  1980.  The balancing act of moose and wolves.  Natural History,  
        89(10):38-51  
              WR 190:31      ZR 117(19):2757  
  
18.085  Haglund, B.  1974.  Moose relations with predators in Sweden with special  
        reference to bear and wolverine.  Naturaliste Canadien, 101:457-466.  
              BI 75:55648    ZR 112(19):86  
  
18.086  Hall,  A. M.  1976.  Encounters with the tundra wolf.  Beaver, winter: 30-35.  
              ZR 113(19):68  
  
18.087  Hannon, S. J and T. W. Barry.  1986.  Demography, breeding biology and  
        predation of willow ptarmigan at Anderson River delta, Northwest Territories.  
        Arctic, 39:300-303.  
              ZR 123(19):3485  
  
18.088  Harrington, F. H.  1981.  Urine-making and caching behavior in the wolf.  
        Behaviour, 76:280-288.  
              BA 73:331      PA 67:5060     WR 182:70      ZR 118(19):2645  
  
18.089  Hastings, A.  1984.  Age-dependent predation is not a simple process.  2.  
        Wolves, ungulates, and a discrete time model for predation on juveniles with a  
        stabilizing tail.  Theoretical Population Biology, 26:271-282.  
              BA 79:48100    ZR 121(19):3108   
    
18.090  Hauge, T. M. and L. B. Keith.  1981.  Dynamics of moose, Alces alces,  
        populations in northeastern Alberta.  Journal of Wildlife Management, 45:  
        573-597.  
              BA 73:9255     ZR 118(19):2685  
  
18.091  Hebert, D. M., J. Youds, R. Davies, H. Langin, D. Janz, and G. W. Smith.  1982.  
        Preliminary investigations of the Vancouver Island wolf (Canis lupus crassodon)  
        prey relationships.  Pages 54-70 in Wolves of the World:  Perspectives of  
        Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation (F. H. Harrington and P. C. Paquet, eds.).  
        Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ.  
              WR 201:93      ZR 119(19):3202  
  
18.092  Hoefs, M., H. Hoefs, and D. BurIes.  1986.  Observations on dall sheep, Ovis  
        dalli, grey wolf, Canis lupus pambasileus, interactions in the Kluane Lake area,  
        Yukon.  Canadian Field-Naturalist, 100:78-84.  
              BA 82:91382    WR 203:64      ZR 123(19):3799  
  
18.093  Holleman, D. F.  1976.  The use of radioecological data to determine food  
        selection and intake for reindeer, caribou, and wolves.  Page 239 in Proceedings  
        of the Alaska Science Conference, 27 (G. C. West, ed.).  Alaska Division,  
        American Association for the Advancement of Science, Fairbanks, AK.  [abstract  
        only]  
              BI 15:53560    WR 168:20  
  
18.094  Holleman, D. F. and J. R. Luick.  1976.  Radiocesium kinetics in arctic  
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18.095  Holleman, D. F. and J. R. Luick.  1978.  Using radioecological data to determine  
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18.096  Holleman, D. F. and R. O. Stephenson.  1981.  Prey selection and consumption by  
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18.097  Holleman, D. F., R. G. White, J. R. Luick, and R. O. Stephenson 1980.  Energy  
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18.098  Horton, K. J.  1979.  Deer and timber wolves.  Michigan Audubon, 27(2):1.  
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18.099  Hoskinson, R. L. and L. D. Mech.  1976.  White-tailed deer migration and its  
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18.100  Houston, D. B.  1978.  Elk as winter/spring food for carnivores in northern  
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18.100a Hout, J., D. Banville, and H. Jolicoeur.  1978.  Study of wolf predation on deer  
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18.101a Jolicoeur, H.  1979.  Study of wolf (Canis lupus) predation on deer in the hills  
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18.102  Kellert, S. R.  1985.  Public perceptions of predators, particularly the wolf  
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18.103  Kelsall, J. P.  1968.  Migrating barren-ground caribou of Canada.  Canadian  
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18.104  Kolenosky, G. B.  1972.  Wolf predation on wintering deer in east-central  
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18.105  Korytin, S. A. and D. I. Bibikov.  1985.  Behavior.  Hunting behavior.  Pages  
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18.106  Kostin, Y. V.  1970.  Some aspects of the predator-prey problem in the wildlife  
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18.107  Kozlo, P. G.  1983.  Ecological and morphological analysis of the moose  
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18.108  Kudaktin, A. N.  1978.  Selective wolf predation on ungulates in a Caucasian  
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18.109  Kudaktin, A. N.  1982.  Predation habits of wolves in the wester Caucasus  
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18.110  Kuyt, E.  1970.  Feeding ecology of wolves on barren ground caribou range in the  
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18.111  Kuyt, E.  1971.  Food studies of wolves on barren-ground caribou range in the  
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18.112  Kuyt. E.  1972.  Food habits and ecology of wolves on barren-ground caribou  
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18.113  Kuyt, E., B. E. Johnson, and R. C. Drewien.  1981.  A wolf kills a juvenile  
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18.114  Labutin, Yu. V.  1972.  Geographical characteristics of feeding in the wolf and  
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18.115  Lavov, M. A.  1984.  Productivity of elk populations on Berezino Reserve.  Pages  
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18.116  Lent, P. C.  1978.  Musk-ox.  Pages 135-147 in Game of North America:  
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18.117  Litvinov, V. P.  1981.  The wolf (Canis lupis) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in  
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18.118  Luick, J. R.  1971.  Studies on the nutrition and metabolism of reindeer-  
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18.119  Luick, J. R.  1979.  Industrial development in Alaska and its effects on  
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18.120  Makridin, V. P.  1978.  The wolf.  Pages 8-50 in Large Predators and Their  
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18.121  Meagher, M. M.  1978.  Bison.  Pages 123-133 in Big Game of North America:  
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18.122  Mech, L. D.  1969.  A second progress report . . . continuing timber wolf  
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18.123  Mech, L. D.  1971.  Wolves, coyotes, and dogs.  Pages 19-22 in Proceedings of a  
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18.124  Mech, L. D.  1972.  How the wolf hunts.  Animals, 14(7):296-301.  
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18.125  Mech, L. D.  1977.  Role of wolf in a deer decline in the Superior National  
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18.126  Mech, L. D.  1977.  Population trend and winter deer consumption in a Minnesota  
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18.127  Mech, L. D.  1979.  Why some deer are safe from wolves.  Natural History, 88(1):  
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18.128  Mech, L. D., L. D. Frenzel, P. D. Karns, and D. W. Kuehn.  1970.  Mandibular  
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18.129  Mech, L. D. and P. D. Karns.  1977.  Role of the wolf in a deer decline in the  
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18.130  Mech, L. D. and M. Korb.  1978.  An unusually long pursuit of a deer by a wolf.  
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18.131  Mech, L. D., R. E. McRoberts, R. O. Peterson, and R. E. Page.  1987.  
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18.132  Mech, L. D., U. S. Seal, and G. D. DelGiudice.  1987.  Use of urine in snow to  
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18.133  Messier, F.  1984.  Moose-wolf dynamics and the natural regulation of moose  
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18.134  Messier, F.  1987.  Physical condition and blood physiology of wolves in  
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18.135  Messier, F. and M. Crete.  1984.  Body condition and population regulation by  
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18.136  Messier, F. and M. Crete.  1985.  Moose-wolf dynamics and the natural regulation  
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18.137  Michurin, L. N.  1970.  The influence of wolves on populations of wild reindeer  
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18.138  Miller, D. R.  1975.  Observations of wolf predation on barren ground caribou  
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18.139  Miller, D. R.  1979.  Wolf-caribou-human interactions on the taiga of  
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18.140  Miller, F. L.  1983.  Wolf-related caribou mortality on a calving ground in  
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18.141  Miller, F. L.  1987.  Management of barren-ground caribou (Rangifer taradus  
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18.142  Miller, F. L. and E. Broughton.  1974.  Calf mortality on the calving ground of  
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18.143  Miller, F. L., E. Broughton, and A. Gunn.  1983.  Mortality of newborn migratory  
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18.144  Miller, F. L. and A. Gunn.  1977.  Group of muskoxen attacked by a solitary  
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18.145  Miller, F. L. and A. Gunn.  1986.  Caribou calf deaths from intraspecfic strife:  
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18.146  Miller, F. L., A. Gunn, and E. Broughton.  1985.  Surplus killing as exemplified  
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18.147  Morley, J. E., A. S. Levine, S. Nizielski, B. A. Gosnell, E. Plotka, C. J  
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18.148  Morley, J. E., A. S. Levine, E. D. Plotka, and U. S. Seal.  1983.  The effect  
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18.149  Morley, J. E., A. S. Levine, T. Tandeski, H. Hertel, and U. S. Seal.  1985.  
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18.150  Morley, J. E., A. S. Levine, H. Hertel, T. Tandeski and U. S. Seal.  1986.  The  
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18.151  Mysterud, I.  1984.  The problem of wolf and dog in predation areas.  Fauna  
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18.152  Mysterud, I.  1984.  Suspected wolf predation on sheep in Hedmark, Norway, 1982.  
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18.153  Nelson, M. E. and L. D. Mech.  1981.  Deer social organization and wolf  
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18.154  Nelson, M. E. and L. D. Mech.  1984.  Observations of a swimming wolf killing a  
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18.155  Nelson, M. E. and L. D. Mech.  1986.  Deer population in the central Superior  
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18.156  Nelson, M. E. and L. D. Mech.  1986.  Mortality of white-tailed deer in  
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18.157  Nelson, M. E. and L. D. Mech.  1986.  Relationship between snow depth and gray  
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18.157a Nelson, M. M.  1971.  Predator management with emphasis on the timber wolf.  In  
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18.158  Nesse, G. E., W. M. Longhurst, and W. E. Howard.  1976.  Predation and the  
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18.159  Nizielski, S. E., A. S. Levine, J. E. Morley, E. D. Plotka, and U. S. Seal.  
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18.160  Nizielski, S. E., A. S. Levine, J. E. Morley, E. D. Plotka, and U. S. Seal.  
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18.161  Nudds, T. D. 1978.  Convergence of group size strategies by mammalian social  
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18.162  Nygren, K.  1980.  Effect of the wolf on the moose population.  Suomen Riista,  
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18.163  O'Gara, B. W.  1982.  Let's tell the truth about predation.  Pages 476-484 in  
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18.164  Okarma, H.  1984.  The physical condition of red deer falling a prey to the wolf  
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18.165  Oosenbrug, S. M. and L. N. Carbyn.  1982.  Winter predation on bison and  
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18.166  0vsyukova, N. I.  1984.  Role of wolves in reindeer husbandry.  Pages 126-129 in  
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18.167  Parker, G. R.  1971.  Biology of the Kaminuriak population of barren-ground  
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18.168  Pereira, M. J. R.  1985.  Effects of human and wolf (Canis lupus) presence on a  
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18.169  Peterson, R. O.  1974.  Snow conditions as a parameter in moose-wolf  
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18.170  Peterson, R. O.  1975.  Wolf response to increased moose vulnerability on Isle  
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18.171  Peterson, R. O.  1979.  The role of wolf predation in a moose population  
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18.172  Peterson, R. O.  1985.  Wolf-moose ecology at Isle Royale National Park.  Pages  
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18.173  Peterson, R. 0. and D. L. Allen.  1974.  Snow conditions as a parameter in  
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18.174  Peterson, R. 0., D. L. Allen, and J. M. Deitz.  1982.  Depletion of bone marrow  
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18.175  Peterson, R. 0. and R. E. Page.  1983.  Wolf-moose fluctuations at Isle Royale  
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18.176  Philo, L. M.  1986.  Water metabolism of wolves in winter:  Effects of varying  
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18.177  Pimlott, D. H.  1969.  Wolf predation and ungulate populations.  Pages 106-122  
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18.178  Priklonsky, S. G.  1985.  Feeding and biocoenotic relationships.  Relationships  
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18.179  Pulliainen, E.  1979.  Predation on the wild reindeer in Kuhmo, eastern Finland.  
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18.180  Pulliainen, E., J. Iivanainen, M. Laitinen, and K. Vaarala.  1980.  A wolf's  
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18.180a Ramsay, M. A. and D. R. Seip (eds.).  1979.  Symposium on wolf predation.  Simon  
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18.181  Randall, D.  1977.  Only a few years left for Wyoming's ferrets.  Defenders,  
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18.182  Reig, S., L. De La Cuesta, and F. Palacios.  1985.  The impact of human  
        activities on the food habits of red fox and wolf in Old Castille, Spain.  
        Revue d'Ecologie la Terre et la Vie, 40:151-155.  
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18.183  Reinman, D. W.  1983.  Food habits of wolves (Canis lupus) in north central  
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18.184  Rensenbrink, H. P.  1986.  Saigas.  Dieren, 3(1):22-26.  [in Dutch]  
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18.185  Rivera, J. G. and A. C. Rey.  1983.  The structure of a community of carnivores  
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        Vie, 37(2) 145-160.  [in French; English and French summaries]  
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18.186  Robson, F.  1978.  When the wolves went.  ASB Bulletin, 25(2):73.  [abstract  
        only]  
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18.187  Rukovskii, N. N.  1978.  On some seasonal peculiarities in the feeding of the  
        wolf.  Pages 185-186 in Congress of the All-Union Theriological Society, 2nd (P.  
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18.188  Rukovskii, N. N.  1985.  Feeding and biocoenotic relationships.  Feeding.  Pages  
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18.189  Rumyantsev, V. D. and L. S. Khuraskin.  1978.  New data on the mortality of the  
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18.190  Salvador, A. and P. L. Abad.  1987.  Food habits of a wolf population (Canis  
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18.191  Sayre, R.  1982.  Creatures.  Wolf-moose relationships on Isle Royale National  
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18.192  Schipman, H.  1968.  Buffalo rings.  National Parks Magazine, 42(254):14-15.  
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18.192a Schlegel, M.  1976.  Factors affecting calf elk survival in northcentral Idaho:  
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18.193  Schmitz, O. J. and D. M. Lavigne.  1987.  Factors affecting body size in  
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18.194  Schultz, T. D. and J. H. Ferguson.  1974.  Influence of dietary fatty acids on  
        the compition of plasma fatty acids in the tundra wolf (Canis lupus tundrarum).  
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18.195  Scott, B. M. V. and D. M. Shackleton.  1980.  Feeding habits of two Vancouver  
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18.196  Sharma, I. K.  1979.  Habitats, feeding, breeding, and reaction to man of the  
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18.197  Singer, F. J.  1986.  Caribou and wolf population fluctuations in the Denali  
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18.198  Singer, F. J.  1987.  Dynamics of caribou and wolves in Denali National Park,  
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18.198a Skoog, R. O.  1968.  Ecology of the caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) in Alaska.  
        Ph. D. Thesis.  University of California, Berkeley.  
  
18.199  Smith, C. A.  1983.  Responses of two groups of mountain goats, Oreamnos  
        americanus, to a wolf, Canis lupus.  Canadian Field-Naturalist, 97:110.  
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18.200  Smith, C. A.  1986.  Rates and causes of mortality in mountain goats in  
        southeast Alaska.  Journal of Wildlife Management, 50:743-746.  
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18.201  Smith, C. A.  1987.  Predator-induced limitations on deer population growth in  
        southeastern Alaska.  Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Game,  
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18.202  Smith, C. A., E. L. Young, C. R. Land, and K. P. Bovee.  1986.  Effects of  
        predation on black-tailed deer population growth; project progress report.  
        Alaska Division of Game, Juneau, AK.  
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18.203  Smith, T. G.  1980.  Hunting, kill, and utilization of a caribou by a single  
        gray wolf.  Canadian Field-Naturalist, 94:175-177.  
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18.204  Stelfox, J. G.  1983.  Caribou behavior in relation to human-elk-wolf influence,  
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18.205  Stelfox, J. G.  1987.  Alberta's caribou-wolf issue:  An internal squabble among  
        biologists and conservationists.  Canadian Society of Environmental Biology  
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18.206  Stephens, P. W. and R. O. Peterson.  1984.  Wolf-avoidance strategies of moose.  
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18.207  Stephenson, R. O.  1975.  Big game investigation.  The spring and summer food  
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        taken by wolves; final report.  Alaska Division of Game, Fairbanks, AK.  
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18.208  Stephenson, R. O. and D. James.  1982.  Wolf movements and food habits in  
        northern Alaska.  Pages 26-42 in Wolves of the World:  Perspectives of Behavior,  
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18.209  Strandgaard, S.  1982.  Factors affecting moose population in Sweden during the  
        20th century with special attention to silviculture.  Pages 1-31 in Sveriges  
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18.210  Suminski, P. and W. Filipiak.  1977.  Contribution to the investigation into  
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18.211  Telfer, E. S. and J. P. Kelsall.  1984.  Adaption of some large North American  
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18.212  Theberge, J. B. and T. J. Cottrell.  1977.  Food habits of wolves in Kluane  
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18.213  Theberge, J. B., S. M. Oosenbrug, and D. H. Pimlott.  1978.  Site and seasonal  
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18.214  Thing, H., P. Henrichsen, and P. Lassen.  1984.  Status of the muskox in  
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18.215  Timm, D. E., S. O. Morgan, and R. E. Wood.  1975.  Wolf as predator on mallards  
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18.216  Van Ballenberghe, V.  1985.  Wolf predation on caribou:  The Nelchina herd case  
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18.217  Van Ballenberghe, V.  1986.  Wolf predation on caribou:  The myth of the Nelchina  
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18.218  Van Ballenberghe, V. and J. Dart.  1982.  Harvest yields from moose populations  
        subject to wolf and bear predation.  Pages 258-275 in Alces, no. 18.  Lakehead  
        University, School of Forestry, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.  
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18.219  Van Ballenberghe, V. and T. A. Hanley. 1984.  Predation on deer in relation to  
        old-growth forest management in southcentral Alaska.  Pages 291-296 in Fish and  
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18.220  Van Camp, J.  1987.  Predation on Bison.  Pages 25-33 in Canadian Wildlife  
        Service Occasional Paper, no. 63.  Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario,  
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18.221  Van Camp, J. and G. W. Calef.  1987.  Population dynamics of bison.  Pages 21-24  
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18.222  Vishnevskii, Yu. N.  1983.  Feeding behavior of wolf in Darvinsk Reserve (USSR).  
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18.223  Voigt, D. R., G. B. Kolenosky, and D. H. Pimlott.  1976.  Changes in summer  
        food habits of wolves in central Ontario.  Journal of Wildlife Management, 40:  
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18.224  Vyrypaev, V. A.  1977.  On the behaviour of the wolf during its group hunting of  
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18.225  Vyrypaev, V. A.  1978.  New methods of quantitative determination of the role of  
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18.226  Vyrypaev, V. A.  1980.  On hunting behavior of the wolf (Canis lupus) in Tien-  
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18.227  Weaver, J. L.  1979.  Wolf predation upon elk in the Rocky Mountain Parks in  
        North America:  A Review.  Pages 29-33 in North American Elk:  Ecology,  
        Behavior and Management (M. S. Boyce and L. D. Hayden-Wing, eds.).  University  
        of Wyoming, Laramie, WY.  
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18.228  Weaver, J. L. and S. H. Fritts.  1979.  Comparison of coyote and wolf scat  
        diameters.  Journal of Wildlife Management, 43:786-788.  
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18.229  Weinberg, U.  1979.  The wolf of Malmsberg.  Viltrapport, 9:116-120.  
              ZR 121(19):8065  
  
18.230  Wilton, M. L.  1987.  How the moose came to Algonquin.  Pages 89-106 in Alces,  
        no. 23.  Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.  
              WR 210:111  
  
18.231  Wolfe, M. L.  1977.  Mortality patterns in the Isle Royale moose population.18.230, 97:267-279.  
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18.232  Zavatskii, B. P.  1984.  Biocoenotic role of the wolf in western Sayan.  Pages  
        21-22 in The Species and its Productivity within its Distribution Range; Part 2.  
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        Sverdlovsk, USSR.  [in Russian]  
              ZR 123(19):9691   


see also the following entries: 1.005, 2.002, 2.005, 2.006, 2.007, 2.009, 2.010, 2.012, 2.012a, 2.013, 3.005a, 3.006, 3.012, 3.015a, 3.016, 3.019, 3.021, 3.039, 3.045, 3.047, 3.048, 4.001, 4.009, 4.019, 4.020, 4.026, 4.032, 4.037, 4.040, 4.042, 4.053, 4.054, 4.064, 4.067, 4.074, 4.080, 4.083, 4.090, 4.091, 4.094, 4.100, 4.102, 4.104, 4.105, 4.107, 4.113, 4.118, 4.123, 4.126, 4.128, 4.134, 4.137, 4.141, 4.142, 4.147, 4.151, 5.001, 7.006, 7.011, 7.020, 7.021, 7.026, 7.027, 7.029, 7.030, 7.033, 7.034, 7.037, 7.038, 7.039, 7.042, 7.044, 7.045, 7.050, 7.050a, 7.053, 7.054, 7.055, 7.056, 7.057, 7.069, 7.074, 7.075, 7.076, 7.077, 7.079, 7.085, 7.086, 7.087, 7.092, 7.093, 7.096, 7.097, 7.100, 7.108, 7.121, 7.122, 8.060, 10.004, 11.008, 12.091, 12.096, 12.098, 14.003, 14.013, 14.021, 14.029, 14.030, 14.033, 14.049, 14.060a, 14.064, 14.065, 14.067, 14.073, 14.074, 14.075, 14.083, 14.091, 14.094, 14.095, 15.002, 15.003, 15.032, 17.008, 17.016, 17.028, 17.035, 17.037, 17.040, 17.046, 17.048, 17.049, 19.001, 19.003, 19.004, 19.005, 19.011, 19.017, 19.016, 19.019, 19.021, 19.022, 19.023, 19.025, 20.017, 20.044, 21.002, 21.025, 21.032, 21.037, 21.038, 21.042, 21.049, 21.057, 21.058, 21.059, 21.064, 21.065, 21.066, 21.073, 21.085, 21.086, 21.087, 21.088, 21.095, 21.096, 21.098, 21.102, 21.107, 21.108, 21.127, 21.135, 21.143, 21.146, 21.147, 21.150, 21.154, 21.160, 21.161, 21.167, 21.171, 21.191, 21.195, 21.197, 21.202, 21.212, 21.215, 21.222, 21.223, 21.224, 21.228