{UTF-8} Normal production start rate= Labor*Productivity*Normal workweek ~ ~ | Normal workweek= 40 ~ ~ | ******************************************************** .Inventory-Workforce ********************************************************~ Inventory-Workforce Model John Sterman (1999) Business Dynamics. Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright (c) 1999 John Sterman Models interactions between a firm's inventory management policies and its human resource policies. The model is developed and tested in chapter 19. This version does not include overtime. | Production Start Rate= Switch for Labor in Production*Labor*Undertime Overtime Effect*Productivity*Normal workweek\ + (1-Switch for Labor in Production)*Desired Production Start Rate ~ Widgets/Week ~ The production start rate is determined by the labor force, productivity, \ and the workweek. | Undertime Overtime Effect= WITH LOOKUP ( Desired Production Start Rate/Normal production start rate, ([(0.5,0)-(1.5,2)],(0.5,1),(0.6,1),(0.7,1),(0.8,1),(0.9,1),(1,1),(1.1,1),(1.2,1),(1.3\ ,1),(1.4,1),(1.5,1) )) ~ Hours/Week ~ The average workweek. | Switch for Labor in Production= 1 ~ Dimensionless ~ Switch = 1 implies production starts are determined by the labor force. \ When Switch = 0, production starts equal desired production starts. | Adjustment for Labor= (Desired Labor - Labor)/Labor Adjustment Time ~ People/Week ~ Adjusts the desired hiring rate to bring labor in line with the desired \ level. | Adjustment for Vacancies= (Desired Vacancies - Vacancies)/Vacancy Adjustment Time ~ People/Week ~ Adjusts vacancy creation so the firm has the desired number of vacancies. | Expected Attrition Rate= Quit Rate ~ People/Week ~ In this simple model expected attrition is set to the actual voluntary \ quit rate. | Average Duration of Employment= 100 ~ Weeks ~ The average duration of employment is constant in this simple model, but \ in general depends on labor market and economic conditions, as well as \ employee satisfaction and other factors internal to the firm. | Average Layoff Time= 8 ~ Weeks ~ The average time required to lay off a worker. | Average Time to Fill Vacancies= 8 ~ Weeks ~ The average time required to fill a vacancy and bring a new employee into \ the workforce. | Hiring Rate= Vacancies/Average Time to Fill Vacancies ~ People/Week ~ Hiring depends on the number of open vacancies and the average time \ required to fill a vacancy. | Standard Workweek= 40 ~ Hours/Week ~ The firm's target for the workweek. | Vacancies= INTEG ( Vacancy Creation Rate - Vacancy Closure Rate - Vacancy Cancellation Rate, Desired Vacancies) ~ People ~ The number of open positions the firm seeks to fill. | Desired Hiring Rate= Expected Attrition Rate + Adjustment for Labor ~ People/Week ~ The firm seeks to hire enough people to replace expected attrition and \ adjust the labor force to the desired level. | Productivity= 0.25 ~ Widgets/Hour/Person ~ Average productivity of the labor force | Desired Labor= Desired Production Start Rate/(Standard Workweek*Expected Productivity) ~ People ~ Desired labor is given by the desired production start rate, expected \ productivity per hour, and the planned workweek. | Desired Lay Off Rate= Willingness to Lay Off * MAX(0, -Desired Hiring Rate) ~ People/Week ~ The firm desires to lay people off whenever the desired hiring rate is \ negative, modified by their willingness to lay off. Willingness to Lay \ Off = 0 implies a no layoff policy. | Quit Rate= Labor/Average Duration of Employment ~ People/Week ~ The rate at which employees voluntarily leave the firm. Determined by the \ average duration of employment. | Desired Production Start Rate= Desired Production + Adjustment for WIP ~ Widgets/Week ~ The desired rate of production starts, equal to the desired production rate adjusted \ by the adequacy of the WIP inventory. | Maximum Layoff Rate= Labor/Average Layoff Time ~ People/Week ~ The maximum layoff rate is determined by the number of workers and the \ layoff time. | Desired Vacancies= MAX(0,Expected Time to Fill Vacancies*Desired Hiring Rate) ~ People ~ The number of vacancies needed to generate the desired hiring rate, given \ the expected time required to fill a vacancy. | Desired Vacancy Cancellation Rate= MAX(0, -Desired Vacancy Creation Rate) ~ People/Week ~ The desired rate of vacancy cancellation, given by the desired vacancy \ creation rate whenever that rate is negative. | Desired Vacancy Creation Rate= Desired Hiring Rate + Adjustment for Vacancies ~ People/Week ~ The firm seeks to create enough vacancies to yield the desired hiring \ rate, adjusted to bring the stock of vacancies in line with the desired \ stock. | Vacancy Cancellation Rate= MIN(Desired Vacancy Cancellation Rate, Maximum Vacancy Cancellation Rate) ~ People/Week ~ The rate at which the firm cancels existing vacancies prior to filling \ them. | Vacancy Cancellation Time= 2 ~ Weeks ~ The average time required to cancel a vacancy. | Labor= INTEG ( Hiring Rate - Quit Rate - Layoff Rate, Desired Labor) ~ People ~ The labor force of the firm. | Expected Productivity= Productivity ~ Widgets/(Person*Hour) ~ Expected productivity is the firm's belief about the productivity of the \ labor force. Assumed here to equal actual productivity. | Expected Time to Fill Vacancies= Average Time to Fill Vacancies ~ Weeks ~ The expected time required to fill vacancies. In this simple model, set \ to the actual time. A better formulation would use an information delay \ to represent the delay in gathering information about hiring delays and \ changing procedures. | Willingness to Lay Off= 1 ~ Dimensionless ~ The willingness to layoff employees. Zero = no layoff policy; 1 implies \ the firm is just as willing to layoff employees when there are too many as \ to hire when there are too few. | Vacancy Creation Rate= MAX(0,Desired Vacancy Creation Rate) ~ People/Week ~ The rate at which the firm authorizes new positions and begins to recruit \ for them. | Vacancy Adjustment Time= 4 ~ Weeks ~ The average time over which the firm attempts to adjust the actual number \ of vacancies to the desired level. | Layoff Rate= MIN(Desired Lay Off Rate, Maximum Layoff Rate) ~ People/Week ~ The layoff rate is the lesser of the desired or maximum rate. | Labor Adjustment Time= 13 ~ Weeks ~ The time period over which the firm seeks to bring the labor force in line \ with the desired level. | Maximum Vacancy Cancellation Rate= Vacancies/Vacancy Cancellation Time ~ People/Week ~ The maximum vacancy cancellation rate is determined by the numer of \ vacancies outstanding and the minimum cancellation time. | Vacancy Closure Rate= Hiring Rate ~ People/Week ~ Hiring a new employee fills a vacancy. | Ratio of Maximum to Desired Shipments= Maximum Shipment Rate/Desired Shipment Rate ~ Dimensionless ~ The ratio of the maximum to desired shipment rate. Ratios less than one \ indicate shipments are constrained below the desired level. | Order Fulfillment Ratio= Table for Order Fulfillment(Maximum Shipment Rate/Desired Shipment Rate) ~ Dimensionless ~ The Fraction of customer orders filled is determined by the ratio of the \ normal shipment rate to the desired rate. The normal rate is the rate \ current inventory permits under normal circumstances. Low inventory \ availability reduces shipments below customer orders. Unfilled customer \ orders are lost. | Shipment Rate= Desired Shipment Rate*Order Fulfillment Ratio ~ Widgets/Week ~ The shipment rate is the desired shipment rate multiplied by the fraction \ of orders filled (the order fulfillment ratio. Shipments fall below \ desired shipments when the feasible shipment rate falls below the desired \ rate, indicating that some products are unavailable. | Desired Shipment Rate= Customer Order Rate ~ Widgets/Week ~ The desired shipment rate equals the customer order rate. In this model \ there is no backlog of unfilled orders: unfilled orders are lost as \ customers seek alternate sources of supply. | Inventory Coverage= Inventory/Shipment Rate ~ Weeks ~ Inventory coverage is given by the ratio of inventory to shipments. | Desired Inventory Coverage= Minimum Order Processing Time + Safety Stock Coverage ~ Weeks ~ Desired inventory coverage is the number of weeks of the demand forecast the plant \ seeks to maintain in inventory. This inventory coverage is required to maintain delivery \ reliability by buffering the plant against unforeseen variations in demand or \ production. It consists of the normal order processing time plus an \ additional term representing the coverage desired to maintain safety \ stocks. | Maximum Shipment Rate= Inventory/Minimum Order Processing Time ~ Widgets/Week ~ The maximum rate of shipments the firm can achieve given their current \ inventory level and the minimum order processing time. | Minimum Order Processing Time= 2 ~ Weeks ~ The minimum time required to process and ship an order. | Safety Stock Coverage= 2 ~ Weeks ~ Safety stock coverage is the number of weeks of the expected order rate \ the firm would like to maintain in inventory over and above the normal \ order processing time. The safety stock provides a buffer against the \ possibility that unforeseen variations in demand will cause shipments to \ fall below orders. | Inventory = INTEG(Production Rate-Shipment Rate,Desired Inventory) ~ Widgets ~ The level of finished goods inventory in the plant. Increased by production and \ decreased by shipments. Initially set to the desired inventory level. | Table for Order Fulfillment( [(0,0)-(2,1)],(0,0),(0.2,0.2),(0.4,0.4),(0.6,0.58),(0.8,0.73),(1,0.85),(1.2,0.93),(1.4\ ,0.97),(1.6,0.99),(1.8,1),(2,1),(2,1)) ~ Dimensionless ~ The ability to ship is constrained by inventory availability. As the inventory \ level drops, the fraction of customer orders that can be filled decreases. When inventory is \ zero, shipments cease. Unfilled customer orders are lost.\!\!\! | Desired Inventory = Desired Inventory Coverage*Expected Order Rate ~ Widgets ~ The desired inventory level sought by the plant. Experience suggests that to \ maintain customer service by providing full and reliable deliveries, the plant must maintain a \ certain coverage of throughput (demand), estimated by the demand forecast. | Expected Order Rate = INTEG(Change in Exp Orders,Customer Order Rate) ~ Widgets/Week ~ The demand forecast is formed by adaptive expectations, using exponential smoothing, \ a common forecasting technique. The initial forecast is equal to the \ initial customer order rate. | Change in Exp Orders = (Customer Order Rate-Expected Order Rate)/ Time to Average Order Rate ~ (Widgets/Week)/Week ~ The demand forecast adjusts to the actual order rate over a time period determined \ by the Time to Average Order Rate. The demand forecast is formed by first-order \ exponential smoothing, a widely used forecasting technique. | Time to Average Order Rate = 8 ~ Weeks ~ The demand forecast adjusts to actual customer orders over this time \ period. | Production Rate = DELAY3(Production Start Rate,Manufacturing Cycle Time) ~ Widgets/Week ~ Production is a third order delay of the production start rate, with the delay time \ determined by the manufacturing cycle time. | Manufacturing Cycle Time= 8 ~ Weeks ~ The average delay between the start and completion of production | Adjustment for WIP = (Desired WIP - Work in Process Inventory)/WIP Adjustment Time ~ Widgets/Week ~ The adjustment to the production start rate from the adequacy of WIP \ inventory. | WIP Adjustment Time= 6 ~ Weeks ~ The time required to adjust the WIP inventory to the desired level. | Work in Process Inventory = INTEG(Production Start Rate - Production Rate,Desired WIP\ ) ~ Widgets ~ WIP inventory accumulates the difference between production starts and \ completions. | Desired WIP = Manufacturing Cycle Time*Desired Production ~ Widgets ~ The desired quantity of work in process inventory. Proportional to the \ manufacturing cycle time and the desired rate of production. | Desired Production = MAX(0,Expected Order Rate+Production Adjustment from Inventory) ~ Widgets/Week ~ Desired Production is the demand forecast (Expected Order Rate) adjusted to bring \ the inventory position in line with the target inventory level. | Production Adjustment from Inventory = (Desired Inventory - Inventory)/ Inventory Adjustment Time ~ Widgets/Week ~ The desired production rate is adjusted above or below the forecast based on the \ inventory position of the plant. When desired inventory > inventory, desired production is \ increased (and vice-versa). Inventory gaps are corrected over the inv. adj. \ time. | Inventory Adjustment Time= 12 ~ Weeks ~ The inventory adjustment time is the time period over which the plant seeks to bring \ inventory in balance with the desired level. Initially set to 12 weeks. | Customer Order Rate = Initial Customer Order Rate*Input ~ Widgets/Week ~ Customer order rate is exogenous. A variety of test inputs allow users to try \ different patterns, including a step, pulse, sine wave, and random noise. | Initial Customer Order Rate = 10000 ~ Widgets/Week ~ Initial value of customer orders, set to 10,000 widgets per week. | Input= 1+STEP(Step Height,Step Time)+ (Pulse Quantity/TIME STEP)*PULSE(Pulse Time,TIME STEP)+ RAMP(Ramp Slope,Ramp Start Time,Ramp End Time)+ Sine Amplitude*SIN(2*3.14159*Time/Sine Period)+ STEP(1,Noise Start Time)*Pink Noise ~ Dimensionless ~ Input is a dimensionless variable which provides a variety of test input patterns, \ including a step, pulse, sine wave, and random noise. | Step Height= 0.2 ~ Dimensionless ~ Height of step input to customer orders, as fraction of initial value. | Step Time=5 ~ Week ~ Time for the step input. | Pulse Quantity=0 ~ Dimensionless*Week ~ The quantity to be injected to customer orders, as a fraction of the base value of \ Input. For example, to pulse in a quantity equal to 50% of the current value of \ input, set to .50. | Pulse Time=5 ~ Week ~ Time at which the pulse in Input occurs. | Ramp Slope=0 ~ 1/Week ~ Slope of the ramp input, as a fraction of the base value (per week). | Ramp Start Time=5 ~ Week ~ Start time for the ramp input. | Ramp End Time=1e+09 ~ Week ~ End time for the ramp input. | Sine Amplitude=0 ~ Dimensionless ~ Amplitude of sine wave in customer orders (fraction of mean). | Sine Period=50 ~ Weeks ~ Period of sine wave in customer demand. Set initially to 50 weeks (1 \ year). | Noise Start Time = 5 ~ Week ~ Start time for the random input. | Pink Noise = INTEG(Change in Pink Noise,0) ~ Dimensionless ~ Pink Noise is first-order autocorrelated noise. Pink noise provides a realistic \ noise input to models in which the next random shock depends in part on the previous \ shocks. The user can specify the correlation time. The mean is 0 and the standard deviation \ is specified by the user. | Change in Pink Noise = (White Noise - Pink Noise)/Noise Correlation Time ~ 1/Week ~ Change in the pink noise value; Pink noise is a first order exponential smoothing \ delay of the white noise input. | Noise Correlation Time = 4 ~ Week ~ The correlation time constant for Pink Noise. | White Noise = Noise Standard Deviation*((24*Noise Correlation Time/TIME STEP)^0.5*(RANDOM 0 1\ () - 0.5 )) ~ Dimensionless ~ White noise input to the pink noise process. | Noise Standard Deviation = 0 ~ Dimensionless ~ The standard deviation of the pink noise process. | Noise Seed = 1 ~ Dimensionless ~ Random number generator seed. Vary to generate a different sequence of \ random numbers. | ******************************************************** .Control ********************************************************~ Simulation Control Paramaters | FINAL TIME = 120 ~ Week ~ The final time for the simulation. | INITIAL TIME = 0 ~ Week ~ The initial time for the simulation. | SAVEPER = TIME STEP ~ Week ~ The frequency with which output is stored. | TIME STEP = 0.125 ~ Week ~ The time step for the simulation. | \\\---/// Sketch information - do not modify anything except names V300 Do not put anything below this section - it will be ignored *Production and Inventory $192-192-192,0,Helvetica|10|B|0-0-0|0-0-0|0-0-0|-1--1--1|-1--1--1|72,72,5,0 10,1,Inventory,737,169,40,20,3,3,0,58,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|16|B|0-0-0 12,2,48,229,170,10,8,0,3,0,8,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 11,3,48,587,168,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,4,Production Rate,587,192,45,16,40,3,0,58,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|16|B|0-0-0 12,5,48,1141,171,10,8,0,3,0,58,-1,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|16|B|0-0-0 11,6,48,941,170,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,7,Shipment Rate,941,187,58,9,40,3,0,58,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|16|B|0-0-0 10,8,Desired Production,444,541,45,16,8,3,0,58,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|16|B|0-0-0 10,9,Production Adjustment from Inventory,708,368,68,24,8,3,0,58,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|16|B|0-0-0 10,10,Desired Inventory,798,430,39,16,8,3,0,58,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|16|B|0-0-0 10,11,Expected Order Rate,797,522,40,20,3,3,0,58,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|16|B|0-0-0 12,12,48,919,524,10,8,0,3,0,58,-1,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|16|B|0-0-0 11,13,48,884,524,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,14,Change in Exp Orders,884,548,46,16,40,3,0,58,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|16|B|0-0-0 10,15,Inventory Adjustment Time,648,307,68,16,8,3,0,58,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|16|B|0-0-0 10,16,Desired Inventory Coverage,913,447,39,24,8,3,0,58,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|16|B|0-0-0 10,17,Time to Average Order Rate,856,613,59,24,8,3,0,58,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|16|B|0-0-0 10,18,Order Fulfillment Ratio,933,280,66,16,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 10,19,Table for Order Fulfillment,1002,363,60,16,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 10,20,Work in Process Inventory,443,169,40,20,3,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 11,21,1244,325,169,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,22,Production Start Rate,325,193,45,16,40,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 10,23,Manufacturing Cycle Time,549,274,58,16,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 10,24,Adjustment for WIP,450,328,47,16,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 10,25,Desired WIP,554,382,49,9,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 10,26,Desired Production Start Rate,308,482,66,24,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 10,27,WIP Adjustment Time,463,408,65,16,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 10,28,Customer Order Rate,1131,369,44,16,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 12,29,0,836,222,20,20,5,4,0,58,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|16|B|0-0-0 B 12,30,0,838,259,43,16,8,4,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16|B|0-0-0 Order Fulfillment 12,31,0,668,224,20,20,4,4,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 B 12,32,0,670,261,39,16,8,4,0,58,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|16|B|0-0-0 Inventory Control 12,33,0,355,295,20,20,4,4,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 B 12,34,0,357,332,48,9,8,4,0,58,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|16|B|0-0-0 WIP Control 1,35,3,1,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(645,168)| 1,36,3,20,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(532,168)| 1,37,6,5,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(1039,170)| 1,38,6,1,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(856,170)| 1,39,13,11,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(857,524)| 1,40,13,12,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(899,524)| 1,41,15,9,2,0,45,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(645,347)| 1,42,1,9,2,0,45,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(728,303)| 1,43,10,9,2,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(774,386)| 1,44,16,10,2,0,43,0,8,0,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(832,442)| 1,45,11,10,2,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(802,441)| 1,46,9,8,2,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(544,527)| 1,47,11,8,2,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(620,571)| 1,48,11,14,2,0,45,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(862,580)| 1,49,17,14,1,0,45,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(910,585)| 1,50,18,7,2,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(948,221)| 1,51,19,18,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(943,312)| 1,52,28,14,2,0,43,0,8,128,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(939,554)| 1,53,21,20,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(367,169)| 1,54,21,2,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(279,169)| 1,55,21,3,2,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(530,133)| 1,56,23,4,2,0,45,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(563,205)| 1,57,20,24,2,0,45,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(471,269)| 1,58,25,24,2,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(486,328)| 1,59,23,25,2,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(573,335)| 1,60,8,25,2,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(548,413)| 1,61,24,26,2,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(397,419)| 1,62,27,24,1,0,45,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(470,357)| 10,63,Desired Shipment Rate,1040,245,59,16,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 1,64,28,63,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(1056,255)| 1,65,63,7,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(995,201)| 10,66,Maximum Shipment Rate,785,306,59,16,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 10,67,Minimum Order Processing Time,872,365,67,16,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 1,68,1,66,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(757,264)| 1,69,66,18,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(874,305)| 1,70,63,18,1,0,45,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(987,286)| 1,71,67,66,1,0,45,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(803,354)| 1,72,67,16,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(916,399)| 10,73,Inventory Coverage,840,104,39,16,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 1,74,1,73,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(767,119)| 1,75,6,73,1,0,45,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(896,111)| 10,76,Safety Stock Coverage,1025,431,51,16,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 1,77,76,16,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(976,459)| 10,78,Initial Customer Order Rate,1274,404,65,24,8,2,1,11,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|16|B|128-128-128 1,79,78,28,1,1,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(1199,372)| 10,80,Input,1256,494,31,9,8,2,1,11,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|16|B|128-128-128 1,81,80,28,1,1,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(1200,425)| 10,82,Productivity,66,232,48,9,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 10,83,Undertime Overtime Effect,213,398,62,16,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16|B|0-0-0 1,84,8,26,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(388,535)| 10,85,Labor,40,400,34,9,8,2,0,11,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|16|B|128-128-128 1,86,83,22,1,0,43,0,8,64,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(242,307)| 1,87,85,22,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(155,272)| 1,88,82,22,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(162,195)| 1,89,26,22,1,0,43,0,8,64,0,-1--1--1,|16||0-0-0,1|(272,400)| 10,90,Switch for Labor in Production,120,75,67,16,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16||0-0-0 1,91,90,21,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(246,101)| 1,92,10,1,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(769,308)| 1,93,28,11,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(973,441)| 1,94,25,20,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(504,287)| 10,95,Normal production start rate,121,490,65,24,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|16|B|0-0-0 1,96,85,95,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(68,432)| 1,97,82,95,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(89,346)| 10,98,Normal workweek,157,343,46,18,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|18||0-0-0 1,99,98,95,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(141,406)| 1,100,95,83,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(166,444)| 1,101,26,83,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(261,440)| 1,102,98,22,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(236,271)| \\\---/// Sketch information - do not modify anything except names V300 Do not put anything below this section - it will be ignored *Labor $192-192-192,0,Helvetica|10|B|0-0-0|0-0-0|0-0-0|-1--1--1|-1--1--1|72,72,5,0 10,1,Labor,712,254,40,20,3,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 12,2,48,857,254,10,8,0,3,0,8,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 1,3,5,2,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(824,253)| 1,4,5,1,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(771,253)| 11,5,48,796,253,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,6,Quit Rate,796,269,33,8,40,3,0,8,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 10,7,Adjustment for Labor,712,429,41,14,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 10,8,Expected Attrition Rate,778,501,47,14,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 10,9,Average Time to Fill Vacancies,633,355,57,14,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 1,10,1,6,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(750,294)| 1,11,26,7,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(902,399)| 1,12,1,7,1,0,45,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(729,387)| 1,13,6,8,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(821,416)| 10,14,Desired Hiring Rate,607,591,40,14,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 1,15,8,14,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(645,582)| 1,16,7,14,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(658,536)| 10,17,Labor Adjustment Time,580,422,60,14,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 1,18,17,7,1,0,45,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(669,418)| 10,19,Average Duration of Employment,885,352,61,14,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 12,20,48,585,254,10,8,0,3,0,8,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 1,21,23,1,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(655,254)| 1,22,23,20,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(610,254)| 11,23,48,632,254,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,24,Hiring Rate,632,270,40,8,40,3,0,8,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 1,25,9,24,1,0,45,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(612,299)| 10,26,Desired Labor,1005,217,49,8,8,3,0,8,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 1,27,19,6,1,0,45,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(841,302)| 12,28,48,857,181,10,8,0,3,0,8,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 1,29,31,28,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(823,182)| 1,30,31,1,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(712,182)| 11,31,48,794,182,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,32,Layoff Rate,794,198,40,8,40,3,0,8,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 10,33,Maximum Layoff Rate,621,135,41,14,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 10,34,Average Layoff Time,496,141,42,14,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 1,35,1,33,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(620,182)| 1,36,33,31,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(737,130)| 1,37,34,33,1,0,45,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(560,118)| 10,38,Desired Lay Off Rate,905,511,42,14,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 1,39,14,38,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(715,601)| 1,40,38,32,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(954,358)| 10,41,Willingness to Lay Off,868,610,50,14,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 1,42,41,38,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(918,567)| 10,43,Desired Vacancy Creation Rate,166,483,59,14,8,3,0,40,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0 10,44,Adjustment for Vacancies,313,464,53,14,8,3,0,40,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0 10,45,Desired Vacancies,455,481,36,14,8,3,0,40,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0 1,46,44,43,1,0,43,0,40,64,0,-1--1--1,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0,1|(244,491)| 1,47,45,44,1,0,43,0,40,192,0,-1--1--1,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0,1|(386,455)| 12,48,0,215,380,20,20,4,4,0,40,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0 B 12,49,0,216,413,31,14,8,4,0,40,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0 Vacancy Creation 1,50,14,43,1,0,43,0,40,192,0,-1--1--1,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0,1|(264,573)| 10,51,Vacancy Adjustment Time,349,552,41,21,8,3,0,40,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0 1,52,51,44,1,0,45,0,40,192,0,-1--1--1,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0,1|(362,481)| 1,53,14,45,1,0,43,0,40,192,0,-1--1--1,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0,1|(479,519)| 10,54,Expected Time to Fill Vacancies,497,382,58,14,8,3,0,40,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0 1,55,9,54,1,0,43,0,40,192,0,-1--1--1,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0,1|(538,363)| 1,56,54,45,1,0,43,0,40,192,0,-1--1--1,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0,1|(467,426)| 10,57,Vacancies,240,265,40,20,3,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 12,58,48,108,266,10,8,0,3,0,40,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0 1,59,61,57,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(182,266)| 1,60,61,58,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(135,266)| 11,61,48,158,266,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,62,Vacancy Creation Rate,158,288,48,14,40,3,0,40,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0 12,63,48,374,265,10,8,0,3,0,40,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0 1,64,66,63,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(346,265)| 1,65,66,57,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(298,265)| 11,66,48,323,265,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,67,Vacancy Closure Rate,323,287,46,14,40,3,0,8,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 1,68,43,62,1,0,43,0,40,192,0,-1--1--1,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0,1|(105,387)| 1,69,57,44,1,0,45,0,40,192,0,-1--1--1,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0,1|(313,368)| 12,70,48,107,183,10,8,0,3,0,40,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0 1,71,73,70,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(143,184)| 1,72,73,57,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(240,184)| 11,73,48,175,184,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,74,Vacancy Cancellation Rate,175,213,44,21,40,3,0,40,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0 10,75,Maximum Vacancy Cancellation Rate,276,131,62,21,8,3,0,40,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0 10,76,Vacancy Cancellation Time,140,101,44,21,8,3,0,40,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0 1,77,57,75,1,0,43,0,40,192,0,-1--1--1,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0,1|(294,159)| 1,78,75,73,1,0,43,0,40,192,0,-1--1--1,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0,1|(195,140)| 1,79,76,75,1,0,45,0,40,192,0,-1--1--1,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0,1|(214,84)| 10,80,Desired Vacancy Cancellation Rate,40,347,62,14,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 1,81,43,80,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(56,431)| 1,82,80,74,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(84,240)| 1,83,57,23,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(412,205)| 1,84,24,67,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(385,318)| 12,85,0,570,486,20,20,4,4,0,40,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,Helvetica|14|B|0-0-0 B 12,86,0,571,519,41,14,8,4,0,8,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14|B|0-0-0 Labor Adjustment 10,87,Desired Production Start Rate,1056,67,58,21,8,2,0,11,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|14|B|128-128-128 10,88,Productivity,752,37,43,8,8,3,0,8,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 10,89,Standard Workweek,1133,136,37,14,8,3,0,8,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 1,90,87,26,1,0,43,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(1047,120)| 1,91,89,26,1,0,45,0,8,192,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(1102,182)| 10,92,Expected Productivity,907,84,43,14,8,3,0,8,-1,0,0,0,0-0-0,0-0-0,|14||0-0-0 1,93,92,26,1,0,45,0,8,64,0,-1--1--1,|14||0-0-0,1|(960,139)| 1,94,88,92,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(829,52)| 1,95,26,1,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(860,234)| 1,96,45,57,0,0,0,0,0,64,1,-1--1--1,,1|(355,380)| \\\---/// Sketch information - do not modify anything except names V300 Do not put anything below this section - it will be ignored *Customer Orders $192-192-192,0,Helvetica|10|B|0-0-0|0-0-0|0-0-0|-1--1--1|-1--1--1|72,72,100,0 10,1,Customer Order Rate,193,127,40,20,8,3,0,50,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|12|B|0-0-0 10,2,Input,100,112,26,9,0,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12|B|128-128-128 10,3,Input,157,322,18,9,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 10,4,Pink Noise,487,266,40,20,3,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 12,5,48,619,269,8,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 10,6,White Noise,514,369,40,20,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,7,Initial Customer Order Rate,100,171,40,20,8,3,0,50,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,0-0-0,Helvetica|12|B|0-0-0 10,8,Noise Standard Deviation,407,397,40,20,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,9,TIME STEP,421,329,45,9,0,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12|B|128-128-128 10,10,Pink Noise,79,272,44,9,0,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12|B|128-128-128 10,11,Noise Start Time,171,253,55,9,0,3,0,1,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12|B|0-0-0 10,12,Pulse Quantity,246,283,48,9,0,3,0,1,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12|B|0-0-0 10,13,Pulse Time,253,319,38,9,0,3,0,1,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12|B|0-0-0 10,14,Ramp End Time,94,411,53,9,0,3,0,1,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12|B|0-0-0 10,15,Ramp Slope,58,353,41,9,0,3,0,1,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12|B|0-0-0 10,16,Ramp Start Time,56,383,56,9,0,3,0,1,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12|B|0-0-0 10,17,Sine Amplitude,263,347,51,9,0,3,0,1,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12|B|0-0-0 10,18,Sine Period,250,385,40,9,0,3,0,1,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12|B|0-0-0 10,19,Step Height,163,426,39,9,0,3,0,1,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12|B|0-0-0 10,20,Step Time,216,406,35,9,0,3,0,1,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12|B|0-0-0 10,21,Time,54,304,26,9,0,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12|B|128-128-128 10,22,TIME STEP,54,329,45,9,0,2,0,3,-1,0,0,0,128-128-128,0-0-0,|12|B|128-128-128 11,23,92,577,270,6,8,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,24,Change in Pink Noise,577,298,40,20,40,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,25,Noise Correlation Time,644,350,40,20,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,26,7,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(159,166)| 1,27,11,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(165,280)| 1,28,12,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(206,300)| 1,29,13,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(201,320)| 1,30,14,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(120,372)| 1,31,15,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(105,337)| 1,32,16,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(99,356)| 1,33,17,3,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(193,333)| 1,34,18,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(209,357)| 1,35,19,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(160,380)| 1,36,20,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(190,369)| 1,37,21,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(102,311)| 1,38,22,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(112,325)| 1,39,2,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(141,99)| 1,40,23,4,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(549,270)| 1,41,23,5,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(597,270)| 1,42,4,24,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(536,321)| 1,43,6,24,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(574,336)| 1,44,25,24,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(630,302)| 1,45,25,6,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(574,387)| 1,46,9,6,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(457,357)| 1,47,8,6,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(474,386)| 1,48,10,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(111,293)| ///---\\\ :GRAPH EXPECTED_ORDERS :TITLE Expected Orders :X-AXIS time :SCALE :VAR Customer Order rate :VAR Expected order Rate :GRAPH PRODUCTION :TITLE Production :X-AXIS time :SCALE :VAR Customer Order Rate :VAR Expected Order Rate :VAR Desired production :VAR Production Rate :VAR Production Start Rate :GRAPH INVENTORY :TITLE Inventory :X-AXIS Time :SCALE :VAR Inventory :VAR Desired Inventory :GRAPH WIP :TITLE WIP :X-AXIS Time :SCALE :VAR Work in Process Inventory :VAR Desired WIP :GRAPH INVENTORY_COVERAGE :TITLE inventory coverage :X-AXIS time :SCALE :VAR inventory coverage :GRAPH CUSTOMER_SERVICE :TITLE Customer Service :X-AXIS time :SCALE :VAR order fulfillment ratio :Y-MIN 0 :Y-MAX 1 :GRAPH LABOR :TITLE Labor :X-AXIS time :SCALE :VAR Desired Labor :VAR Labor :GRAPH LABOR_FLOWS :TITLE Labor Flows :X-AXIS time :SCALE :VAR Hiring Rate :VAR Vacancy Creation Rate :VAR Quit Rate :VAR Layoff Rate :GRAPH DESIRED_AND_ACTUAL_PRODUCTION_STARTS :TITLE Desired and Actual Production Starts :X-AXIS time :SCALE :VAR Production Start Rate :VAR Desired Production Start Rate :GRAPH LABOR_VS._INVENTORY :TITLE Labor vs. Inventory :X-AXIS Inventory :SCALE :VAR Labor :GRAPH DESIRED_VS._ACTUAL_PRODUCTION_STARTS :TITLE Desired vs. Actual Production Starts :X-AXIS Production Start Rate :SCALE :VAR Desired Production Start Rate :L<%^E!@ 1:/Users/gpr/Documents/Docs-Vensim/Widgets models/widgets1.vdf 9:widgets1 22:Hour,Hours 22:People,Person 22:Week,Weeks 23:0 15:0,0,0,0,0,0 19:5,0 27:2, 34:0, 4:Time 5:Inventory 35:Date 36:YYYY-MM-DD 37:2000 38:1 39:1 40:2 41:0 24:0 25:120 26:120