Bibliography of Gabrielle Roy

Adachi, Ken. "An Incalculable Loss to Canadian Letters." The Sunday Star 17 July 1983: [pagination unavailable].

On the occasion of the death of Gabrielle Roy, Adachi looks back at her life. Quotes Margaret Laurence who described Roy as unique, " [. . .] the only one [among Canadian writers] who had a sense of both anglophone and francophone cultures."

Allaire, Gratien, Paul Dubé, and Gamila Morcos, eds. Après dix ans ... bilan et prospective; les actes du onzième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu à la Faculté Saint-Jean, Université de l'Alberta du 17 au 19 octobre 1991. Edmonton, [Canada]: Institut de Recherche de la Faculté Saint-Jean, l'Université de l'Alberta, 1992.

This publication includes papers by Myo Kapetanovich, Jeanette Urbas, and Robert Viau. These papers are entered below under the names of the individual authors.

Allaire, Gratien, Gilles Cadrin, and Paul Dubé, eds. Ecriture et politique; les actes du septième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu à la Faculté Saint-Jean, Université de l'Alberta les 16 et 17 octobre 1987. Edmonton, [Canada]: Institut de Recherche de la Faculté Saint-Jean, l'Université de l'Alberta, 1989.

Papers from this colloquium by Paul Dubé and Ben Jukpor are entered below under these authors' individual names.

Allard, Jacques. "Le Chemin qui mène à La petite poule d'eau." Cahiers de Sainte-Marie 1 (mai 1966): 57-69.

Studies the three stories that comprise La Petite poule d'eau to determine whether they truly constitute a novel and finds a profound unity in the whole work. Reprinted in Gabrielle Roy. (Dossiers de documentation sur la littérature canadienne-française) Eds. Roland-M. Charland and Jean-Noël Samson. Montréal: Fides, 1967. 37-46.

Allard, Jacques. "Deux scènes médianes où le discours prend corps." Études françaises 33.3 (hiver 1997-98): 53-65.

Special issue: "Le Survenant et Bonheur d'occasion; rencontres de deux mondes." Examines Roy's Bonheur d'occasion and Germaine Guèvremont's Le Survenant in terms of two sociograms that Allard has identified in québécois literature: city and bedroom (cité et chambre).

Ambrière, Francis. "Gabrielle Roy: écrivain canadien." La Revue de Paris 12 (déc. 1947): 136-39.

Commentary about Roy and about the success and merit of Bonheur d'occasion.

Amprimoz, Alexandre L. "Fonction gestuelle: Bonheur d'occasion de Gabrielle Roy." Présence Francophone: revue internationale de langue et de littérature 24 (printemps 1982): 123-37.

Semiotic analysis of gestures in Bonheur d'occasion suggests that the gestural dynamics between two principal characters determine the narrative direction of the novel. Appendix I is a chronological list of gestural exchanges between Jean Lévesque and Florentine Lacasse.

Amprimoz, Alexandre L. "L'Homme-arbre de La Montagne secrète." Canadian Literature 88 (Spring 1981): 166-71.

Examines how the symbolism and personnification of the tree are used throughout La Montagne secrète.

Andron, Marie-Pierre. "L'Espace urbain et l'exil intérieur dans La Détresse et l'enchantement de Gabrielle Roy." L'espace canadien et ses représentations. Actes du colloque international tenu à Talence les 16 et 17 décembre 1994. Eds. Sylvie Guillaume, et al. (Publications de la M.S.H.A., 217) [Talence, France]: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine, 1996. 101-107.

Studies Roy's feelings about Saint-Boniface, Paris, London, and Epping Forest as expressed in her autobiography. This colloquium was sponsored by the Centre d'études canadiennes de l'Université Michel de Montaigne-Bordeaux III.

Andron, Marie-Pierre. "La Représentation du corps dans Alexandre Chenevert." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 123-35.

Focuses on the representation of male bodies. Finds that Chenevert represents a dissonant figure compared to Roy's other male characters who have youth and vigor.

Andron, Marie-Pierre. "La Rivière et la montagne de Pierre Cadorai; L'Erablière de Rose-Anna: L'Ecriture d'un désir indicible." Études Canadiennes/Canadian Studies: Revue Interdisciplinaire des Études Canadiennes en France 46 (1999): 43-61.

Arcand, Tatiana. "Les contes pour enfants de Gabrielle Roy." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 335-50.

Discusses five children's stories by Roy: "Gérard le pirate," Ma Vache Bossie, Courte-Queue, "L'Empereur des bois," and L'Espagnole et la Pékinoise in terms of plot, style, and their place in Roy's body of work. Points out that these stories were not originally written for children.

Arcand, Tatiana. "Portrait des marginaux dans Un Jardin au bout du monde de Gabrielle Roy." La Francophonie sur les Marges; les actes du seizième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège universitaire de Winnipeg les 17, 18, et 19 octobre 1996. Eds. Carol J. Harvey and Alan MacDonell. Winnipeg, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1997. 209-20.

Discusses Roy's protrayal of Martha and Stépan Yaramko, Ukrainian immigrants from Un Jardin au bout du monde. Their linguistic and cultural background condemns them to isolation and alienation. Finds that Roy transposes her own feelings of social and linguistic inferiority into her characters who have left their native lands to search for a new life on the great plains of the West. Other works by Roy referred to in the paper are: Fragiles lumières de la terre, De quoi t'ennuies-tu, Éveline?, and La Détresse et l'enchantement.

Arguin, Maurice. Le Roman québécois de 1944 à 1965; symptômes du colonialisme et signes de libération, essai. Montréal: l'Hexagone, 1989.

Part I of the book, "Le Roman de moeurs urbaines," includes a discussion of Roy's two novels set in Montreal, Bonheur d'occasion and Alexandre Chenevert.

Arpin, Maurice. "Lecture euphorique et lecture dysphorique: le cas de Médéric Eymard." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 6.2 (automne 1994): 181-99.

Studies Médéric, the child protagonist in "De la truite dans l'eau glacée," the closing story in Ces enfants de ma vie. In the light of recent psychotherapeutic research on infantile trauma, finds that Médéric's persona masks a co-dependent personality. Concludes that this contrasts with the generally held view that Roy's works depict childhood as a happy and positive period in a person's life.

Babby, Ellen Reisman. "A la recherche du sens: De quoi t'ennuies-tu, Éveline?" Voix & Images 14.3/42 (printemps 1989): 423-32.

Demonstrates how this novella, the last work published during Roy's lifetime, reflects the principal structural and thematic characteristics of Roy's body of work: an obsession with language, the recurring theme of departures, and the search for origins.

Babby, Ellen Reisman. "Alexandre Chenevert: Prisoner of Language." Modern Language Studies 12.2 (Spring 1982): 22-30.

Discusses the metaphor of imprisonment throughout this work. Argues that Chenevert's struggle with linguistic expression is more confining than the temporal and spatial confinement he endures.

Babby, Ellen Reisman. The Play of Language and Spectacle: A Structural Reading of Selected Texts by Gabrielle Roy. Toronto: ECW Press, 1985.

Focuses principally on La Rivière sans repos and Alexandre Chenevert. Includes a bibliography (p. 123-30) and an index.

Babby, Ellen R. "La Rivière sans repos: Gabrielle Roy's 'Spectacular' Text." Quebec Studies 2 (1984): 105-17.

Isolates the elements of the spectacular (spectaculaire in French) with its connotations of the spectacle as the site of representation and spectacle as something which is viewed. In La Rivière sans repos, a work consisting of three short stories and a novel, the reader becomes aware of the "pendular movement between two [. . .] poles: reality and fiction, or presentation and representation" through examination of the spectacular.

Baril, Paul. "Gabrielle Roy et son oeuvre: personnages en quête d'une identité." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 411-24.

In her autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement, Roy often described her feelings as a member of a linguistic minority whose language and culture are threatened. Baril discusses works by Roy in which characters from minority groups experience the same kinds of tensions and feelings of marginalisation that Roy herself felt.

Bartosova, Marie. "Le discours schizophrène dans «Alicia» de Gabrielle Roy." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 6.1 (printemps 1994): 19-25.

Examines how Christine as a child, mimics the discourse of her mentally ill sister, Alicia.

Bartosova, Marie. "Le Merveilleux quotidien dans 'L'Enfant de Noël,' un récit de Ces enfants de ma vie." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 1.2 (automne 1989): 181-84.

Discusses in symbolic terms the pupil, Clair, who visits the schoolteacher on Christmas Eve to deliver a gift.

Bartosova, Marie. "Reflets du Manitoba dans l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy." La Production culturelle en milieu minoritaire; les actes du treizième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface les 14, 15, et 16 octobre 1993. Eds. André Fauchon, et al. Winnipeg, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, [1994]. 297-310.

Bartosova-Jack, Marie. "Images de l'enfance dans Ces enfants de ma vie." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 351-60.

Examines Roy's manner of presenting the main characters, children in the class of a young schoolteacher in Manitoba. Roy's descriptions of the children are both physical and metaphorical.

Beaudet, Marie-Andrée, ed. Bonheur d'occasion au pluriel: lectures et approches critiques. (Collection Séminaires, 10) Québec: Éditions Nota bene, 1999.

Papers from a seminar that took place in Winter 1996 [sponsored by CRELIQ, Université Laval?]. Includes an introduction by the editor, p. 7-13, and chapters by P. Popovic, L. Saint-Martin, H. van't Land, J. Kwaterko, C. Kègle, M. Roy, and M. Cadieux. The entries for the chapters are found in this bibliography under the individual names of the authors.

Beaudoin, Réjean. Le Roman Québécois. Montréal: Boréal, 1991.

A general work on the Quebec novel with various references to Roy and to several of her novels, including Bonheur d'occasion and Alexandre Chenevert. Provides an index of works and authors to help guide the reader.

Beckett, Sandra, L. "Spacialité du souvenir/Souvenir de l'espace dans l'oeuvre Manitobaine de Gabrielle Roy." L'Ouest Français et la Francophonie Nord-Américaine. Actes du Colloque international de la francophonie tenu à Angers du 26 au 29 mai 1994. Ed. Georges Cesbron. [Angers, France]: Presses de l'Université d'Angers, 1996. 171-79.

Bednarski, Betty. "To Hold Happiness in One Hand, Gabrielle Roy's Autobiography." The Antigonish Review 76 (1989): 25-33.

A lengthy review of Enchantment and Sorrow, the English translation of La Détresse et l'enchantement. Bednarski examines the function of autobiography as well as Roy's motives for undertaking the project at age 67, Roy's ambition, her relationships with her parents, and the quality of this translation of the work.

Behounde, Ekitike. Dialectique de la ville et de la campagne chez Gabrielle Roy et chez Mongo Beti. Montréal: Éditions Qui, 1983.

Evaluates the dialectic of reality and imagination in two novels, Bonheur d'occasion by Gabrielle Roy and Ville Cruelle by Mongo Beti. The theme of "Space" is employed throughout the study: e.g. "l'espace binaire, l'espace de la ville réelle, l'espace virtuel de la ville [. . .].", as well as familial, political, artistic, and linguistic space.

Bell, Mark. Aphorism in the Francophone Novel of the Twentieth Century. Montreal & Kingston; London; Buffalo: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1997.

Explores how seven francophone authors use aphorism; i.e. how they conceive their own aphorisms and incorporate them into a novel's narrated chain of events. Includes structural analysis and interpretation. Roy's Alexandre Chenevert is among seven novels which represent French, Québécois, négro-africain, and Swiss canons.

Bell, Mark. " 'Enrichir la gelée': Proustian Intertext in the Writings of Gabrielle Roy." Quebec Studies 13 (Fall-Winter 1991-92): 27-36.

Compares and contrasts the work of Proust and Roy. Finds a common factor: the function of involuntary memory in their writings.

Bell, Mark. Gabrielle Roy and Antoine de Saint-Exupéry: "Terre des Hommes;" Self and Non-Self. (European University Studies: Ser.13, French Language and Literature, 162) Frankfurt am Main; Bern; New York; Paris: Peter Lang, 1991.

A comparative study of the two writers. Inspired by Roy's essay/introduction to the Montreal World Exposition of 1967, "Terre des Hommes," Bell examines the ideas in that short piece and their connections with corresponding thoughts in her other writings.

Bell, Mark, and Corrine Iverson. "Reality, Transference and the Classroom: Ces enfants de ma vie by Gabrielle Roy." The Romanic Review 89.4 (Nov. 1998): 621-35.

Belleau, Janick. Le Manitoba des femmes répond: questionnaire Gabrielle Roy. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest, Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface, 1985.

Bendz, E. "Den moderna fransk-canadensiska litteraturen." Ord Och Bild 58.4 (1949): 187-92.

This article on modern French-Canadian literature mentions Roy as laureate of the Prix Fémina for Bonheur d'occasion.

Berthiaume, André. "Gabrielle Roy: l'épisode de «La Mouette»." Ecrits du Canada français 62 (1988): 75-92.

Centers on a short passage in Roy's autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement, in which Roy passed from la détresse, her difficulties being alone in Paris, to l'enchantement, an almost magical feeling, while attending a moving performance of Chekov's play, The Seagull. Proposes that this experience had a significant impact on Roy's personal development and her decision to become a writer.

Bessette, Gérard. "Alexandre Chenevert de Gabrielle Roy." Études littéraires 2.2 (août 1969): 177-202.

Studies the symbolism of the mother and matricide in Alexandre Chenevert and in La Montagne secrète. Reprinted in Trois romanciers québécois. Ed. Gérard Bessette. Montréal: Éditions du Jour, 1973, p. 201-37.

Bessette, Gérard. "Alexandre Chenevert, roman de Gabrielle Roy." Dictionnaire des oeuvres littéraires du Québec. Tome 3, 1940-1959. Eds. Maurice Lemire, et al. Montréal: Fides, 1982. 32-38.

Includes a short biographical piece and a bibliography of publications about the novel.

Bessette, Gérard. "Bonheur d'occasion." Gabrielle Roy. (Dossiers de documentation sur la littérature canadienne-française) Eds. Roland-M. Charland et Jean-Noël Samson. [Ottawa: Fides, 1967.] 21-34.

Analyzes the characters in Bonheur d'occasion. Finds that the portrayals of Rose-Anna and Florentine Lacasse are excellent, but that the masculine characters are flawed. Briefly discusses the plot and the style. Reprint of an article published in L'Action Universitaire 18.4 (juillet 1952): 53-74.

Bessette, Gérard, ed. De Québec à Saint-Boniface; récits et nouvelles du Canada français. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1968.

An anthology of readings for classroom use. The chapter on Roy, p.195-227, includes a one page introduction to Roy and her works and the text of a story from Rue Deschambault, "Les Déserteuses," followed by questions on the text.

Bessette, Gérard. "French-Canadian Society as Seen by Contemporary Novelists." Queen's Quarterly 69.2 (1962): 177-97.

Roy and Bonheur d'occasion are mentioned, but are not a specific focus of this study.

Bessette, Gérard. Une Littérature en ébullition. Montréal: Éditions du Jour, 1968.

A large section (p. 219-307) is devoted to Roy, one of five major authors studied in the book. Includes a detailed critical analysis of Bonheur d'occasion, a chapter on the novelist and the characters in her works, and an interview with Roy.

Bessette, Gérard. "La Route d'Altamont, clef de La Montagne secrète de Gabrielle Roy." Livres et auteurs canadiens. Montréal: Éditions Jumonville, 1966. 19-25.

Finds symbolic parallels in the two works. Proposes that in both, Roy tried to show that the creative urge is irrepressible so that to find himself/herself, the painter/writer destroys those who are most dear: Pierre Cadorai kills a caribou and Christine abandons her mother. Reprinted in Trois romanciers québécois. Montréal: Éditions du Jour, 1973, p. 185-99.

Bessette, Gérard. Trois romanciers québécois. Montréal: Éditions du Jour, 1973.

Chapter III (p. 185-237) is devoted to Roy. It consists of revised versions of previously published articles by Bessette: "La Route d'Altamont, clef de La Montagne secrète" and "Alexandre Chenevert de Gabrielle Roy," both entered and annotated above.

Blais, Jacques. "L'Unité organique de Bonheur d'occasion." Études françaises 6.1 (fév. 1970): 25-50.

Seeks to define the principle of internal cohesion in Bonheur d'occasion by studying the masculine characters and the plot.

Blodgett, E.D. "Gardens at the World's End or Gone West in French." Essays on Canadian Writing 17 (Spring 1980): 113-26.

Discusses the work of three francophone Canadian authors associated with western Canada: Gabrielle Roy, Maurice Constantin-Weyer, and Georges Bugnet. Maintains that in the western francophone novel, travel has a special significance.

Blodgett, E.D. "How Do You Say 'Gabrielle Roy'?" Translation in Canadian Literature Symposium 1982. Ed. Camille R. Bossière. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1983. 13-34.

General discussion of the translation of literary works. Works by Roy that are mentioned: The Tin Flute, Where Nests the Water Hen, and The Road Past Altamont.

Boileau, Marthe."Gabrielle Roy et son oeuvre."Ce qu'elles écrivent ... (Les Cahiers de la Société d'é et de conferences, 2) Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada: Editions Science Moderne, 1979. 103-111.

Boivin, Aurélien. Pour une lecture du roman québécois de Maria Chapdelaine à Volkswagen blues. Montréal: Nuit Blanche Editeur, [1996].

The author has devoted a chapter to each of the fifteen novels in this anthology. The chapter on Roy, p. 93-122, entitled "Bonheur d'occasion, ou le salut par la guerre," provides an overview of the plot and characters, the structure, the themes, the meaning, and the critical reception received by the novel. An eleven page bibliography includes works by Roy and works about her and her writings.

Bonneville, Léo. "Entretien avec Claude Fournier." Séquences 113 (juillet 1983): 4-9.

In his interview, Claude Fournier, director of the film, Bonheur d'occasion, discusses the challenges and satisfactions of bringing the novel to the screen.

Bouchard, René, ed. Culture populaire et littératures au Québec. (Stanford French and Italian Studies, 19) Saratoga, CA: Anma Libri, 1980.

Roy is mentioned in several places in this book; works specifically noted are Bonheur d'occasion, La Montagne secrète, and La Route d'Altamont. Also includes a bibliography of the literature of Quebec: "Guide bibliographique de la littérature québécoise," compiled by Aurélien Boivin and Kenneth Landry, p. 265-85, and an index.

Boucher, Jean-Pierre. Instantanés de la condition québécoise. Etudes de textes. (Collection Littérature) (Cahiers du Québec/Hurtubise HMH) Montréal: Editions Hurtubise HMH, 1977.

In the chapter "Regarder passer le train. Bonheur d'occasion de Gabrielle Roy," Boucher studies the passage in the novel in which Jean Lévesque is returning home after standing up Florentine Lacasse at the movies. Points out Roy's vivid and realistic description of the Saint-Henri district, a place of misery from which Jean is determined to escape.

Boucher, Jean-Pierre. Le Recueil de nouvelles. [Montréal]: Fides, 1992.

Two chapters in this book are devoted to Roy: "Nouvelle éponyme en clôture: La Route d'Altamont de Gabrielle Roy," p. 39-55, and "Initiation à l'enfance et à l'âge adulte: Ces enfants de ma vie de Gabrielle Roy," p. 103-13.

Boucher, Jean-Pierre. "Un Recueil de récits brefs: Ces enfants de ma vie de Gabrielle Roy." Canadian Literature 119 (Winter 1988): 45-54.

A study of Ces enfants de ma vie as a short story cycle. Each of the six stories is linked to the one preceding it and each is developed further to create a work of "remarkable coherence."

Boucher, Jean-Pierre. "Recueil et voyage: La Route d'Altamont de Gabrielle Roy." Littératures 6 (1991): 39-57.

Bourbonnais, Nicole. "Les Doukhobors de Gabrielle Roy ou le mythe de l'éternelle errance." The Doukhobor Centenary in Canada: A Multi-disciplinary Perspective on their Unity and Diversity: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the University of Ottawa 22-24 October 1999. Eds. Andrew Donskov, John Woodsworth, and Chad Gaffield. Ottawa: Slavic Research Group and Institute of Canadian Studies, University of Ottawa, 2000. 237-49.

Bourbonnais, Nicole. "Gabrielle Roy: de la redondance à l'ellipse ou du corps à la voix." Voix & Images 46 (automne 1990): 95-109.

Discusses Roy's symbolic use of descriptions of the physical body of female characters in ten of her best-known works: La Route d'Altamont, Un Jardin au bout du monde, Bonheur d'occasion, La Petite Poule d'eau, Ces enfants de ma vie, Rue Deschambault, La Montagne secrète, De quoi t'ennuies-tu, Éveline? Cet été qui chantait, and La Rivière sans repos.

Bourbonnais, Nicole. "Gabrielle Roy: la représentation du corps féminin." Voix & Images [14?]/40 (automne 1988): 72-89.

Focuses primarily on characters in Bonheur d'occasion, particularly Florentine Lacasse, "la plus élaborée et la plus exemplaire" among those created by Roy. Characters from other works include Luzina from La Petite poule d'eau and the two sisters of the narrator in Rue Deschambault. Bourbonnais contrasts Roy's treatment of the female body with its treatment in the traditional Québec novel, using Trente arpents as an example of the latter. Reprinted in Vol. 1 of L'Autre lecture; la critique au féminin et les textes québécois. Ed. Lori Saint-Martin. Montréal: XYZ éditeur, 1992.

Bourbonnais, Nicole. "Gabrielle Roy: les figures du temps." Le Roman contemporain au Québec (1960-1985). (Archives des lettres canadiennes, 8) Montréal: Fides, 1992. 411-26.

Studies Roy's treatment of time in La Route d'Altamont, Ces enfants de ma vie, Cet été qui chantait, Un Jardin au bout du monde, and De quoi t'ennuies-tu Êveline?

Bourbonnais, Nicole. "Les Sortilèges de la voix chez Gabrielle Roy." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 427-35.

Examines Roy's use of voices, particularly in her semi- autobiographical works such as Rue Deschambault, La Route d'Altamont, and Ces enfants de ma vie, but also in Un Jardin au bout du monde and Cet été qui chantait. The voices are often those of water, wind, birds, frogs, or children. Proposes that in Roy's works, the voice plays a role in uniting people with one another as well as uniting them with the entire universe.

Bourbonnais, Nicole. "La Symbolique de l'espace dans les récits de Gabrielle Roy." Voix & Images 7.2 (hiver 1982): 367-84.

Studies the symbolism of the immensity of the Manitoban plains in Roy's works. Un Jardin au bout du monde is its principal focus.

Boyce, Marie-Dominique. "Le Désert de la vie: trajectoire purificatrice de l'écrivain." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 523-30.

Examines images of grief, pain, sadness, loneliness, suffering, and ruin in the lives of characters in Bonheur d'occasion, La Route d'Altamont, and La Montagne secrète. Relates them to Roy's personal life experiences as she recounted them in her autobiographical work, La Détresse et l'enchantement.

Brault, Jacques. "Tonalités lointaines (sur l'écriture intimiste de Gabrielle Roy)." Voix & Images 14.3/42 (printemps 1989): 387-98.

Focuses primarily on La Détresse et l'enchantement, Rue Deschambault, and La Route d'Altamont. Touches on Ces enfants de ma vie, La Montagne secrète, De quoi t'ennuies-tu Éveline? and Alexandre Chenevert.

Brochu, André. "Ces enfants de ma vie: l'école, la maison." La Visée Critique. Montréal: Boréal, 1988. 204-13.

Slightly revised version of "Gabrielle Roy; Ces enfants de ma vie." from Livres et auteurs québécois 1977. Québec: Presses de l'université Laval, 1978.

Brochu, André. "La Détresse et l'enchantement, ou le roman intérieur." Revue d'histoire littéraire du Québec et du Canada français 12 (été-automne 1986): 201-10.

Characterizes Roy's autobiographical work as essentially the story of Roy's interior development as a person rather than as a collection of "mémoires." Reprinted in La Visée critique. Montréal: Boréal, 1988, p. 214-30.

Brochu, André. Une Etude de Bonheur d'occasion de Gabrielle Roy. (Classiques québécois expliqués, 7) Montréal: Boréal, 1998.

Brochu, André. "Gabrielle Roy; thèmes et structures de Bonheur d'occasion." L'Instance critique 1961-1973. [Montréal]: Leméac, 1974. 206-46.

A detailed analysis of themes, structures, and characters in Roy's most successful novel as presented in Brochu's article "La Structure sémantique de Bonheur d'occasion," entered below. First published in Ecrits du Canada français 22 (1966): 163-208.

Brochu, André. "La Montagne secrète: le schème organisateur." Études Littéraires 17.3 (hiver 1984): 531-44.

Finds a common theme in the works of Roy, a "thème narratif [. . .] qui est repris et transformé à travers un ensemble de variations." This theme is seen as the principal factor of cohesion of the text where the immediate experience of the character comes together with his or her esthetic and spiritual quest. Discusses it in relation to La Montagne Secrète, Alexandre Chenevert, Rue Deschambault, and Bonheur d'occasion. Reprinted in La Visée critique. Montréal: Boréal, 1988, p. 186-203.

Brochu, André. "Le Schème organisateur chez Gabrielle Roy." Voix & Images 14.3/42 (Spring 1989): 414-22.

Examines two of Roy's works, Alexandre Chenevert and Un Jardin au bout du monde, for a pattern of structural development consistent with the pattern he observed in La Montagne secrète. See: "La Montagne secrète: le schème organisateur," entered above, regarding this pattern.

Brochu, André. "La Structure sémantique de Bonheur d'occasion." Revue des Sciences Humaines 173 (jan.- mars 1979): 37-47.

Analyzes the content of the novel and the difficulties of communication experienced by the characters in terms of spheres of existence (individual, familial, social, and worldwide) and establishes a semantic matrix that classifies the characters as dreamers or realists. Reprinted in La Visée critique. (Montréal: Boréal, 1988, p. 169-85, as "Bonheur d'occasion: la structure sémantique."

Brochu, André. La Visée critique: essais autobiographiques et littéraires. Montreal: Boréal, 1988.

A collection of articles, most of which were previously published in various literary journals. Works covered include Bonheur d'occasion, La Montagne secrète, Ces enfants de ma vie, and La Détresse et l'enchantement.

Brossard, Nicole, et al. Mises en scène d'écrivains Assia Djebar, Nicole Brossard, Madeleine Gagnon, France Théoret. (Collection Trait d'union) Sainte-Foy, [Canada]: Éditions Le Griffon d'argile, 1993.

A collection of papers treating four francophone women writers. In "Le Roman québécois avant 1960; mère plutôt que femme," Annette Hayward discusses four québécois novels: Angéline de Montbrun by Laure Conan (1882), Le Torrent by Anne Hébert (1945), La Belle bête by Marie-Claire Blais (1959), and Bonheur d'occasion by Roy (1945), examining an intertextuality that forms a kind of single work founded on Conan's novel where the role of the mother is glorified.

Brotherson, Lee. "Alexandre Chenevert: An Unhappy Sisyphus." Essays in French Literature 18 (Nov. 1981): 86-99.

Offers a reading of Alexandre Chenevert in light of Camus's notions on the Absurd as expressed in Le Mythe de Sisyphe. Finds that Roy does not share Camus's solution to the problem of the Absurd, one of happiness.

Brotherson, Lee. "Identity and Milieu in Gabrielle Roy's Alexandre Chenevert: From Two-to Three-Dimensionality." Australian Journal of French Studies 28 (May-Aug.1991): 179-89.

Brown, Alan. "Gabrielle Roy and the Temporary Provincial." The Tamarack Review 1.4 (Autumn 1956): 61-70.

Contrasts Roy's first four novels. The first and third, Bonheur d'occasion and Alexandre Chenevert, concern the problems of twentieth century inhabitants of Montreal and the second and fourth, La Petite poule d'eau and Rue Deschambault, describe the lives of country people in Manitoba.

Cadieux, Micheline. "Le Parcours d'une scénarisation. Documentaire sur Gabrielle Roy." Bonheur d'occasion au pluriel: lectures et approches critiques. Ed. Marie-Andrée Beaudet. (Collection Séminaires, 10) Québec: Éditions Nota bene, 1999. 231-62.

Cadieux, Micheline. "Une question d'écriture." Études françaises 25.1 (été 1989): 115-25.

Examines Roy's questions about the art of writing as expressed in her autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement.

Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 3.1 (printemps 1991): 1-163.

Entire issue devoted to Gabrielle Roy. "Numéro spécial, Gabrielle Roy: voies nouvelles." Eds. André Fauchon and Lise Gaboury-Diallo. Includes articles and essays by P. Socken, C.J. Harvey, A. Stéphan, C.H. Roberts-van Oordt, R. Chadbourne, E. Vaucheret, and M. Kapetanovich, all of which are entered in this bibliography under the individual authors' names.

Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 8.2 (1996): 141-387.

Entire issue devoted to Gabrielle Roy. "Numéro spécial, Gabrielle Roy." Ed. André Fauchon. Includes articles and essays by C. Tanguay, J. Thifault, S. Lamarre, J.M. Paterson, L. M. Clemente, and P. Franzen. Also includes a text by Gabrielle Roy, "Ma Rencontre avec les gens de Saint-Henri," translated from English by Martine Fisher and presented by François Ricard, and a very useful analytical bibliography of critical studies on Gabrielle Roy, 1984-1995 (p. 283-371), compiled by Lori Saint-Martin with the collaboration of Sylvie Lamarre, Laure Neuville, Katherine Roberts, and Sophie Sainte-Marie. The bibliography and the papers are entered under the authors' individual names in this bibliography.

Calloud, Jean, and Louis Panier. "Au sujet de l'écriture, analyse sémiotique de deux nouvelles de Gabriellle Roy." Protée (automne 1983): 58-70.

Semiotic analysis of "La Voix des étangs" and "Ma Coqueluche," two short stories from Rue Deschambault.

Cambron, Micheline. "La Ville, la campagne, le monde: univers référentiels et récit." Études françaises 33.3 (hiver 1997-98): 23-35.

Compares Roy's Bonheur d'occasion and Germaine Guèvremont's Le Survenant. Finds similarities in these two simultaneously published novels (1945) despite the differences in their settings: Roy's is urban, Guèvremont's is rural.

Cameron, Donald. Conversations with Canadian Novelists. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1973.

Includes an interview with Roy when she was 62 years old (1971), "Gabrielle Roy: A Bird in the Prison Window," p.128-45. Principally a discussion of her as an author; some personal material about her life and her family is included. Works mentioned are: Bonheur d'occasion, La Petite poule d'eau, La Montagne secrète, and La Rivière sans repos.

Cameron, Elspeth. "Montreal Modernists; the Emergence of Canadian Art and Literature in Montreal, 1926-1951." Canada ieri et oggi; atti del 6e convegno internazionale di studi canadesi Selva di Fasano, 27-31 marzo 1985 [Vol.] II; Sezione Anglofona. Ed. Giovanni Bonanno. Fasano, Italy: Schena Editore, 1986. 291-99.

Cardinal, Marie. "Gabrielle Roy à la télé." Châtelaine 27.3 (mars 1986): 154-58.

Cardinal discusses the televised film of "Le Vieillard et l'enfant" from La Route d'Altamont.

Caws, MaryAnn, et al, eds. Écritures de femmes: nouvelles cartographies. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1996.

An anthology of writings by 20th century francophone women authors. Includes a brief biographical sketch of Roy and the text of "Ma Grande-mère toute-puissante," from La Route d'Altamont.

Cesbron, Georges, ed. L'Ouest Français et la Francophonie Nord-Américaine. Actes du Colloque international de la francophonie tenu à Angers du 26 au 29 mai 1994. [Angers, France]: Presses de l'Université d'Angers, 1996.

Includes two papers about Roy: "Spatialité du souvenir/Souvenir de l'espace dans l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy" by Sandra Beckett, and "Gabrielle Roy: l'exil et le retour" by Carol J. Harvey. These papers are entered under the names of the authors in this bibliography. Colloquium sponsored by the Université d'Angers, Centre de recherches en littérature et linguistique de l'Anjou et des Bocages. Organized jointly by the Université d'Angers (France), Université Laval (Québec), and the University of Massachusetts, Lowell (USA).

Chadbourne, Richard. "L'Ecologie dans l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 3.1 (printemps 1991): 69-80.

Finds that Roy wrote of dangers to the natural environment in her works of fiction. Roy's images of the disruption of the harmony of nature pertain to four environmental problems: polluted rivers, massacred animals, urban air pollution, and the accumulation of trash of all kinds in the cities.

Chadbourne, Richard. "Essai bibliographique: cinq ans d'études sur Gabrielle Roy, 1979-1984." Études Littéraires 17.3 (hiver 1984): 597-609.

Evaluation of criticism in books, articles, and interviews. Includes an overview of the editions of Roy's works that were published during the designated period. Offers remarks about the film adaptation of Bonheur d'occasion.

Chadbourne, Richard M. "The Journey in Gabrielle Roy's Novels." Travel, Quest, and Pilgrimage as a Literary Theme; Studies in honor of Reino Virtanen. Eds. Frans C. Amelinckx and Joyce N. Megay. [Manhattan, KS; Ann Arbor, MI]: Society of Spanish and Spanish-American Studies; University Microfilms International Monograph Publishing on Demand, 1978. 251-60.

Discusses the recurring French-Canadian literary theme of the "long journey," as treated by Roy in Bonheur d'occasion, La Petite poule d'eau, Alexandre Chenevert, La Montagne secrète, and La Rivière sans repos, and relates this theme to Roy's personal experiences which nourished her imagination.

Chadbourne, Richard. "La Part prophétique dans les premiers romans de Gabrielle Roy." Voix & Images 14.3/42 (printemps 1989): 399-407.

Finds that Roy showed an ability to sense and imagine future events, particularly concerning the Catholic church and the transformations promulgated by Vatican II.

Chadbourne, Richard. "Le Saint-Laurent dans Bonheur d'occasion." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 69-80.

The presence of the St.Lawrence River is indirectly perceived throughout most of the novel. The culminating scene in which Florentine and Emmanuel decide to marry takes place beside the river. Symbolism connected with the Lachine Canal, which borders the area where most of the action unfolds, and the Richelieu River, a tributary of the St. Lawrence, is discussed. In addition, Chadbourne comments about various bodies of water significant to Roy's personal life and in her fictional works La Montagne secrète, La Rivière sans repos, Alexandre Chenevert, La Petite poule d'eau, and Cet été qui chantait.

Chadbourne, Richard. "Two Visions of the Prairies: Willa Cather and Gabrielle Roy." The New Land; Studies in a Literary Theme. Eds. Richard Chadbourne and Hallvard Dahlie. Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press for the Calgary Institute for the Humanities, 1978. 93-120.

Points out parallels in the lives of the two authors and studies the impact on their writing of their experiences growing up on the prairie. Focuses principally on three of Roy's fictional works that have a prairie setting: La Route d'Altamont, Un Jardin au bout du monde, and Rue Deschambault, and on her essay, "Mon Héritage du Manitoba." Concludes that despite several dissimilarities between the two authors, their greatest similarity was the way in which the Prairie West of their childhood fed their imaginations. They both succeeded in communicating a sense of the harsh beauty and the endless horizon of the prairie landscape and both were intensely interested in the plight of immigrant settlers adapting to life in a new land. This paper was originally presented at a workshop held at the University of Calgary, Aug. 1-5, 1977.

Chaput-Rolland, Solange. " Kaléidoscope Littéraire." L'Action universitaire (avril 1951): 42-54.

Discusses La Petite poule d'eau on pages 45-46.

Charasson, Henriette. "Le Prix Fémina; Bonheur d'occasion." Le Devoir 26 juin 1948: 9.

News story. Roy was the first national of a country other than France to receive this literary prize.

Charbonneau, Robert. Romanciers canadiens. (Vie des Lettres canadiennes, 10) Québec: Presses de l'Université Laval, 1972.

Includes a short chapter on Roy, p.107-14. Mainly a discussion of Bonheur d'occasion. Mentions La Petite poule d'eau .

Charland, Roland-M., and Jean-Noël Samson. Gabrielle Roy. (Dossiers de documentation sur la littérature canadienne-française) Montréal: Fides, [1967].

A portfolio of papers by Hugo McPherson, Gérard Bessette, Jacques Allard, John J. Murphy, Pierre de Grandpré, Antoine Sirois, Annette Décarie, and Michel Gaulin. Includes biographical information (p. 79-81) and a bibliography of works by and about Roy (p. 83-90). The papers in this portfolio are entered separately in this bibliography under the individual authors' names.

Charpentier, Fulgence. "Gabrielle Roy ou la condition humaine." Le Droit 23 juillet 1983: [pagination unavailable].

Charpentier reminisces about the life and works of Gabrielle Roy on the occasion of Roy's death.

Chassay, Jean-François. L'Ambiguïté américaine. Le roman québécois face aux États-Unis. (Théorie et littérature) Montréal: XYZ éditeur, 1995.

Includes a chapter, "Alexandre Chenevert: aliénation et communication," p. 53-63.

Chassay, Jean-François. "L'Autre ville américaine dans le roman montréalais (1945-1970)." Montréal imaginaire; ville et littérature. Eds. Pierre Nepveu and Gilles Marcotte. [Montréal?][St. Laurent?]: Fides, 1992. 299-309.

Chung, Ook. "La Thématique de l'exil et de l'immigration dans l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy." Littératures 13 (1995): 41-54.

Examines the conditions of isolation and alienation experienced by characters who are immigrants and members of ethnic minorities in Roy's fictional works Un Jardin au bout du monde, Ces enfants de ma vie, and Rue Deschambault, and people in her nonfiction series "Peuples du Canada" published in Bulletin des agriculteurs and reprinted in Fragiles lumières de la terre.

Clark, J. Wilson. "Pro-Imperialist Ideas in Gabrielle Roy's Tin Flute." Literature & Ideology 13 (1972): 31-40.

Interpretation of Roy's first novel in terms of bourgeois stereotypes and imperialist exploitation of the poor. Relates the individual strugggles of Roy's characters to the national liberation movement in Quebec.

Clarke, Marie-Diane. "La Petite fille pas trop «sage» de Gabrielle Roy et de Monique Genuist." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 361-78.

Comparative study of Rue Deschambault and La Route d'Altamont by Roy and C'était hier, en Lorraine by Genuist. Finds similarities in the works and in the lives of the two writers.

Claxton, Patricia. "Sur les traces de Gabrielle Roy: recherches et errances liées à la traduction de La Détresse et l'enchantement." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 703-16.

The translator of Roy's autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement, describes some of the research she did while translating Roy's words. She also recounts visits to some of the places in England described fondly by Roy in the book.

Clemente, Linda M. "Gabrielle Roy: évolution d'un style narratif." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 8.2 (1996): 219-37.

Examines the narrative style in Roy's articles on Canada published in the Bulletin des agriculteurs prior to 1945. Seeks evidence of the evolution of her narrative style in these non-fiction pieces and in her fictional works published later. Finds that La Petite poule d'eau marks the beginning of a metamorphosis in Roy's narrative style toward collections of semi-autonomous stories with thematic connections. Revised version of a paper presented at the annual conference of the Conseil international d'études francophones held in Toulouse, France, June, 1996.

Clemente, Linda M. "Gabrielle Roy on Gabrielle Roy: Ces enfants de ma vie." Essays on Canadian Writing 50 (Fall 1993): 83-107.

Studies the six narratives that comprise Ces enfants de ma vie as a short-story cycle, which the author finds may represent one of the forms par excellence for translating female experience.

Clemente, Linda M., and William A. Clemente. Gabrielle Roy, Creation and Memory. Toronto: ECW Press, 1997.

Coleman, Patrick. The Limits of Sympathy: Gabrielle Roy's The Tin Flute. (Canadian Fiction Studies, 26) Toronto: ECW Press, 1993.

An analysis of the plot and characters of Bonheur d'occasion. Includes a chronology of Roy's life, comments on the importance of the work and on the Alan Brown translation, critical reception of the book, a bibliography, and an index.

Collet, Paulette. L'Hiver dans le roman canadien-français. (Vie des Lettres Canadiennes) Québec: Les Presses de l'Université Laval, 1965.

Works by Roy discussed are: Bonheur d'occasion, La Petite poule d'eau, Alexandre Chenevert, Rue Deschambault, and La Montagne secrète. Because of the thematic arrangement, references to these works are dispersed throughout the book.

Collet, Paulette. "Pays de plaines, paysages marins dans l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy." Mer et littérature. Actes du colloque international sur "La mer dans les littératures d'expression française du XXe siècle." Moncton les 22-23-24 août 1991. Ed. Melvin Gallant. Moncton, [Canada]: Éditions d'Acadie, 1991. 257-63.

Proposes an analogy between the immensity of the plains and the vastness of the sea in Roy's works. Finds that Roy used marine vocabulary to describe the earth, e.g. vagues de terre, une immense plaine onduleuse. Though she rarely described seascapes, Roy often evoked images of the sea in her works.

Collet, Paulette. "Les Paysages d'hiver dans le roman canadien-français." La Revue de l'Université Laval 17.5 (janvier 1963): 404-19.

One paragraph is devoted to the role played by nature and the allusions to winter in Roy's work.

Collet, Paulette. "La Route d'Altamont et Who Has Seen the Wind: deux enfants des prairies face au mystère de la vie et de la mort." Héritage et des francophones de l'Ouest; les actes du cinquième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège St-Thomas More, Université de la Saskatchewan le 18 et 19 octobre 1985. Eds. Monique Genuist, et al. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest, 1986. 65-75.

Paper presented at the annual colloquium of the Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest published with the collaboration of the Collège St-Thomas More, Université de la Saskatchewan.

Cooke, Linda. "Gabrielle Roy, Children of My Heart." Quarry [29?] (Winter 1980): 92-96.

Review of the Alan Brown translation of Ces enfants de ma vie. Examines the style, structure, and themes of the stories.

Costantino, Vincenza. "Gabrielle Roy: ses racines et son imaginaire." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint- Boniface, 1996. 381-94.

A geo-literary analysis of La détresse et l'enchantement focusing on Roy's descriptions of and feelings for the various places where she lived: Manitoba, Paris, London, Provence, and Quebec.

Cotnam, Jacques. Contemporary Quebec; An Analytical Bibliography. Toronto: MeClelland and Stewart, 1973.

Cotnam, Jacques. "Cultural Nationalism and its Literary Expression in French-Canadian Fiction." Tr. Noël Corbett. The Cry of Home; Cultural Nationalism and the Modern Writer. Ed. H. Ernest Lewald. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1972. 268-98.

Briefly discusses Bonheur d'occasion and finds that the novel is significant "for it marks the beginnings of a period of demystification" in the history of French-Canadian fiction.

Cotnam, Jacques. "La Littérature canadienne-française à l'Université York. Enseignement et recherches." Recherche et littérature canadienne-française, Colloque tenu à l'Université d'Ottawa 25 et 26 octobre 1968. Eds. Paul Wyczynski, Jean Ménard, and John Hare. Ottawa, Canada: Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1969. 209-15.

At this colloquium on teaching and research related to French-Canadian literature, Roy is identified as one of the authors whose works are frequently studied in Canadian universities.

Courchene, Marguerite. "L'univers féminin/féministe de Ces enfants de ma vie de Gabrielle Roy." Revue Frontenac/Frontenac Review 6-7 (1989-90): 61-84.

Examines the role and significance of the children, the parents of the children, and most significantly, the narrator/schoolteacher in Ces enfants de ma vie.

Courchesne, [Courchene?] Marguerite. "Ces enfants de ma vie: recueil de nouvelles de Gabrielle Roy." Dictionnaire des oeuvres littéraires du Québec. Tome 6, 1976-1980. Eds. Gilles Dorion, et al. Montréal: Fides, 1994. 119-22.

Includes a review of the work, a list of editions, and a bibliography of publications related to the work.

Couillard, Marie. "La Femme écrivain canadienne-française et québécoise face aux idéologies de son temps." Canadian Ethnic Studies 13.1 (1981): 43-51.

Studies Angéline de Montbrun (1880), Bonheur d'occasion (1945), and Les Nuits de l'Underground (1978), written by Laure Conan, Gabrielle Roy, and Marie-Claire Blais respectively. Seeks to identify how these three francophone women writers of Canada transpose the ideologies of their ethnic groups into their novels.

Covacci, Patrizia. "Il romanzo femminile franco-canadese: Gabrielle Roy." Il Cristallo 36.2 (Aug. 1994): 103-106.

Crochet, Monique. "Du Moi au Soi, le voyage psychique de Sam Lee Wong: interprétation jungienne du symbole de l'horizon dans «Où iras-tu Sam Lee Wong?» de Gabrielle Roy." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 5.1 (printemps 1993): 55-66.

Crochet, Monique. "Perspectives narratologiques sur Rue Deschambault de Gabrielle Roy." Quebec Studies 11 (Fall/Winter 1990-91): 93-102.

Examines the relationship between the narrator and the heroine in Rue Deschambault.

Dansereau, Estelle. "Constructions de lecture: l'inscription du narrataire dans les récits fictifs d'Antonine Maillet et de Gabrielle Roy." Francophonies d'Amérique 9 (1999): 117-31.

Dansereau, Estelle. "Convergence/éclatement: l'immigrant au risque de la perte de soi dans la nouvelle 'Où iras-tu Sam Lee Wong?' de Gabrielle Roy." Canadian Literature 127 (Winter 1990): 94-109.

Studies Roy's art in portraying the social and psychological situtation of immigrants in this short story from Un Jardin au bout du monde.

Dansereau, Estelle. "Des écrits journalistiques d'imagination aux nouvelles littéraires de Gabrielle Roy." Francophonies d'Amérique 2 (1992): 115-27.

Traces the evolution of Roy's fiction.

Dansereau, Estelle. "Formations discursives pour l'hétérogène dans La Rivière sans repos et Un Jardin au bout du monde." Portes de communication; études discursives et stylistiques de l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy. Eds. Claude Romney and Estelle Dansereau. [Sainte-Foy, Canada]: Presses de l'Université Laval, 1995. 119-36.

Analysis of Roy's use of discourse in portraying social and cultural diversity in these works.

Dansereau, Estelle. "Le mutisme ethnique ou l'enjeu de la parole dans Un jardin au bout du monde de Gabrielle Roy." Langue et communication; les actes du neuvième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface les 12, 13 et 14 octobre 1989. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest, 1990. 89-102.

Dansereau, Estelle. "Narrer l'autre: la représentation des marginaux dans La Rivière sans repos et Un Jardin au bout du monde." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 459-74.

Discusses the characters Elsa Kumachuk, a native Inuit, and Sam Lee Wong and Martha Yaramko, immigrants, all of whom represent minority cultures in Canada. Examines the two works for evidence of the influence of Roy's own experiences as a member of a cultural minority in her native land and analyzes the strategies used by Roy to present the situation of the outsider.

Daunais, Isabelle. "Après l'écriture, le voyage." Liberté 35.4-5 (août - oct. 1993): 159-65.

Discussion of the relation between writing and travel. La Route d'Altamont is proposed as an example of the intermingling of the two.

Daviaud, [Daviau?], Pierrette. "A la manière de la parabole: le portrait." Parole-figure-parabole: Recherches autour du discours parabolique. Ed. Jean Delorme. (Linguistique et sémiologie) Lyon: Presses Universitaires de Lyon, 1987. 231-55.

Semiotic analysis of Roy's fictional characters. Focuses principally on Bonheur d'occasion and Alexandre Chenevert and emphasizes the portrayal of couples.

Daviau, Pierrette. Passion et désenchantement; une étude sémiotique de l'amour et des couples dans l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy. [Montréal]: Fides, 1993.

Studies Roy's couples in Bonheur d'occasion, Alexandre Chenevert, Rue Deschambault, La Détresse et l'enchantement, "Le Monde à l'envers," "Bonne à marier," and La Route d'Altamont. Includes an extensive unannotated bibliography of works by and about Roy, p. 169-97, part of which is an eight page listing of stories by Roy published in various periodicals.

Davidson, Arnold. "Gabrielle Roy's Where Nests the Water Hen: An Island Beyond the Waste Land." North Dakota Quarterly 47.4 (Autumn 1979): 4-10.

Finds that "Roy subtly employs the standard devices of contemporary existential fiction but uses these conventions to present her own Christian vision " [. . .], a vision that "effectively counters the bleak existentialism of much of our serious mid-century fiction."

Deacon, William Arthur. "Celebrity Hopes Fame Won't Interrupt Work." The Globe and Mail Feb. 22, 1947: 12.

Interview with Roy that took place soon after the enormous success of her first novel, Bonheur d'occasion.

Décarie, Annette. "La Petite poule d'eau." Revue Dominicaine 58 (fév. 1951): 79-91.

Review article.

Delson-Karan, Myrna. "Ces enfants de ma vie: le testament littéraire de Gabrielle Roy." Revue Francophone de Louisiane 3.2 (Winter 1988): 66-77.

Proposes that Roy's last novel, Ces enfants de ma vie, is her best work. Weighs the evidence of the evolution of Roy's talent by examining the novelist's description of landscapes and her use of symbols.

Delson-Karan, Myrna. "L'Esthétique de Gabrielle Roy: 'Le Vieillard et l'enfant'." Bulletin de la Société des Professeurs Français en Amérique (1988): 209-18.

Studies the esthetics of Roy's work in the themes, the characters, the décor, and the use of symbols in this story from La Route d'Altamont. Annual issue of the bulletin for 1987-1988.

Delson-Karan, Myrna. "Gabrielle Roy and Selma Lagerlöf: une rencontre spirituelle." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 617-27.

Gabrielle Roy told Delson-Karan in a 1982 interview that Swedish novelist Selma Lagerlöf was one of the writers who had influenced her work the most. This paper examines numerous similarities in the works and parallels in the lives of the two novelists.

Delson-Karan, Myrna. "The Last Interview: Gabrielle Roy." Quebec Studies 4 (1986): 194-205.

This interview took place in 1982, about one year before Gabrielle Roy's death. Roy talked about her life, her work, and writing in general.

Delson-Karan, Myrna. "Ode à la terre et à la vie. Cet été qui chantait de Gabrielle Roy." The French Review 71.6 (May 1998): 961-70.

Delson-Karan, Myrna. "Les Symboles dans La Petite poule d'eau de Gabrielle Roy." Canadian Modern Language Review/La Revue Canadienne des Langues Vivantes 43.2 (Jan. 1987): 357-63.

Discusses Roy's frequent use of symbols in this, her second novel. The water hen, for example, symbolizes both the tranquility and the boredom of life on the remote northern island for which the work is named. Finds that Roy's use of symbols has made this one of the most poetic of her novels.

Delson-Karan, Myrna. "Symboles et imagerie dans Bonheur d'occasion de Gabrielle Roy." Francographies 2 (1995): 105-13.

Proposes that Roy gave a poetic dimension to this novel through her use of symbols and imagery. Discusses and interprets visual, auditory, and olfactory images; symbols of nature; religious symbols; names that symbolize qualities of the characters; the image of the train that carries Emmanuel away to war; and the tin flute that symbolizes the central theme of the novel, false happiness.

Delson-Karan, Myrna. "La Visualisation lyrique du décor chez Gabrielle Roy." Francographies 233 (1993): 283-90.

Focuses principally on La Montagne secrète to demonstrate Roy's artistry in the use of words. Her poetic descriptions of nature are likened to the visual esthetic of a painting and the auditory beauty of a musical creation. This special issue of Francographies presents papers from Création et Réalité d'Expression Française. Colloque de Fordham University 26-28 mars 1992. Actes II. Ed. J. Macary.

Des Rivières, Marie-Josée. "Une analyse idéologique de Bonheur d'occasion." Littérature et idéologies; la dynamique des fictions. (Collection Études sur le Québec, 10.) (Cahiers de l'ISSH ) Québec, [Canada]: Institut supérieur des sciences humaines, Université Laval, 1978. 72-88.

A socio-textual study of the characters in Roy's novel as fictional representations of the lives of the inhabitants of St-Henri, a working-class district of Montréal, during World War II. Part of: "Travaux du séminaire des automnes 1976 et 1977 sur l'analyse des idéologies [. . .] donné au Département des littératures et à l'ISSH de l'Université Laval." [Ed. Denis Saint-Jacques?].

Desmarchais, Rex. "Gabrielle Roy vous parle d'elle et de son roman." Bulletin des Agriculteurs (mai 1947): 8-9, 36-39, 43-44.

An interesting and revealing interview which took place shortly after the immense success of Bonheur d'occasion. Roy discusses her life and her career as teacher, journalist, and novelist.

Dickason, Tony. "Gabrielle Roy's Own Story Recalled by Sister Here". Winnipeg Tribune March 1, 1947: [pagination unavailable].

Article on the publication of The Tin Flute and on Roy's early writing career.

Dolbec, Nathalie. "L'espace sonore dans Bonheur d'occasion de Gabrielle Roy." La Frontière du dit à l'intérieur et autour du texte. Eds. Henriette Gezundhajt and Paul Bessler. [Toronto]: Éditions GFA; Département de français, 1992. 45-56.

La Frontière du dit à l'intérieur et autour du texte is a publication of the proceedings of a meeting held at the University of Toronto in 1992.

Dorion, Gilles, and Maurice Émond. "Gabrielle Roy." Québec français 36 (déc. 1979): 33-35.

Interview with Roy about her work.

Dorsinville, Max. "L'Influence d'Aimé Césaire au Québec." Soleil éclaté: mélanges offerts à Aimé Césaire à l'occasion de son soixante-dixième anniversaire par une équipe internationale d'artistes et de chercheurs. Ed. Jacqueline Leiner. Tubingen: Narr, 1984. 115-23.

Concludes that a study of the influence of Césaire's works on Quebec requires examination of the evolution of nationalistic ideology. Acknowledges the importance of Bonheur d'occasion and Alexandre Chenevert as reflections of the first stage of the process and finds them indispensable to an understanding of the post-World War II history of Quebec.

Drummond, Dennis. "Alexandre Chenevert and the Book of Job." Essays in French Literature 27 (Nov. 1990): 46-63.

Finds parallels between the two characters, Job and Chenevert, in relation to the mystery of suffering which appears to be irreconcilable with God's love for man.

Drummond, Dennis. "Florentine Lacasse, Rachel Cameron, and Existential Anguish." American Review of Canadian Studies 19.4 (Winter 1989): 397-406.

Examines a psychological parallel in two characters, Florentine Lacasse from Bonheur d'occasion by Roy, and Rachel Cameron from A Jest of God by Margaret Laurence. Incapable of any deep first-hand experience, Florentine and Rachel are at the mercy of the recognition of others.

Drummond, Dennis."The «I Am» Experience in Bonheur d'occasion." Canadian Issues 10.5 (1988): 97-112.

Analyzes characters from Bonheur d'occasion to demonstrate that the novel is deeply influenced by an existentialist approach. Finds that Emmanuel Létourneau, who seeks genuine self-realization, fits the description of an "existentialist hero," whereas Azarius Lacasse, Florentine Lacasse, and Jean Lévesque do not experience what Drummond calls the "I am experience" as they have a constant need for the recognition of others.

Drummond, Dennis. "Identité d'occasion dans Bonheur d'occasion." Solitude rompue. Eds. Cécile Cloutier-Wojciechowska and Réjean Robidoux. (Cahiers du CRCCF) Ottawa: Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1986. 85-102.

A study of the sartrian theme of the "Other," in Bonheur d'occasion. Concludes that both Florentine Lacasse and Jean Lévesque find their personal identity only through the eyes of others. Solitude rompue is a festschrift in honor of Professor David Mackness Hayne.

Drummond, Dennis. "The Problem of the Other in Alexandre Chenevert." Australian Journal of French Studies 28.2 (May-Aug. 1991): 190-95.

Detects strong existential currents in this work and studies how "the problem of the Other reflects and brings out one of the major themes of the novel, [. . .] the relationship between the hero and his fellow man."

Dubé, Marcel. Jean Paul Lemieux et le livre.Montréal: Art Global, 1988.

The art of Le Mieux depicts scenes and characters from La Petite poule d'eau. Twenty color reproductions are accompanied by narrative material about Roy and comments about the novel. Edition limited to 800 copies.

Dubé, Paul. "Le Discours du destin; prolégomènes à une étude de l'autobiographie de Gabrielle Roy." Ecriture et politique; les actes du septième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu à la Faculté Saint-Jean, Université de l'Alberta les 16 et 17 octobre 1987. Eds. Gratien Allaire, Gilles Cadrin, and Paul Dubé. Edmonton, [Canada]: Institut de Recherche de la Faculté Saint-Jean, 1989. 9-21.

From Roy's autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement, seeks to define which experiences in her life led her to become a writer.

Dubé, Paul. "Enoncé et énonciation: la rencontre du «moi/je» dans La Détresse et l'enchantement." Portes de communication; études discursives et sylistiques de l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy. Eds. Claude Romney and Estelle Dansereau. [Sainte-Foy, Canada]: Presses de l'Université Laval, 1995. 9-26.

Discusses Roy's autobiography and its relation to several of her fictional works that were based on her life experiences: La Petite poule d'eau, Rue Deschambault, and La Route d'Altamont. Examines what Roy says and how she says it in her autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement. Observes the amount of thought she devoted to the text, to her intentions as revealed in her frequent use of interrogatives, and to her choice of vocabulary, verb tenses, and other subtleties found in her writing. Finds Chapter III of her autobiography to be a masterpiece of composition.

Dubé, Paul. "Stratégiques portraits de soi: l'oeuvre autobiographique de Gabrielle Roy."[Table of contents shows title as: "Aspects autobiographiques de l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy."] Europe plurilingue 6e année (mars 1997): 206-25.

Focuses on Roy's autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement and several of her fictional works inspired by her own life: La Route d'Altamont, Ces enfants de ma vie, Rue Deschambault, and La Petite poule d'eau. Also discusses Bonheur d'occasion, Ma Chère petite soeur, and two works by Gabrielle's sister, Marie-Anna Adèle Roy, Le Miroir du passé and Le Pain chez nous, M.-A. Roy's perception of the family of Gabrielle Roy. Special issue of the journal published by the University of Paris 8 - Saint-Denis, with the cooperation of the Centre national du livre and the participation of Editions Sterne of the faculty of languages of the University of Picardie. Eds. Nadine Dormoy, Albert Russo, and Françoise Wuilmart.

Dubois, Richard. "La Création artistique dans La Montagne secrète." Jeunesses littéraires du Canada français 1.2 (mars 1964): 8.

Analyzes the main character, Pierre Cadorai, and his devotion to the art of painting.

Duchaine, Richard. "De quelques occasions de bonheur sur le plateau Mont-Royal." Voix & Images 18.1 (automne 1992): 39-51.

Comparison of Bonheur d'occasion by Roy and Chroniques du plateau Mont-Royal by Michel Tremblay. Explores common aspects of the two works, one by a female writer and one by a male writer, to show that masculine realism is a relative notion.

Ducrocq-Poirier, Madeleine. "L'Art de la nouvelle chez Gabrielle Roy dans Rue Deschambault." Un pays, une voix, Gabrielle Roy; colloque des 13 et 14 mai 1987. Ed. Marie-Lyne Piccione. ([Publications de la M.S.H.A., 146])[Talence, France]: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine, [1991]. 21-26.

Studies the art of the short story in Roy's works. In Rue Deschambault, Roy uses persons and places from her early years in Manitoba, though the work is intended to be fictional, not autobiographical. Sponsor of the colloquium: Centre d'études canadiennes de l'Université de Michel de Montaigne-Bordeaux III.

Ducrocq-Poirier, Madeleine. Le Roman canadien de langue française de 1860 à 1958. Recherche d'un esprit romanesque. Paris: Nizet, 1978.

Includes brief discussions of Bonheur d'occasion, La Petite poule d'eau, Alexandre Chenevert, and Rue Deschambault. A brief biographical sketch of Roy is provided (p.845-49).

Ducrocq-Poirier, Madeleine. "Les romancières québécoises contemporaines et la condition féminine." L'Esprit créateur 23.3 (Fall 1983): 40-47.

Roy is mentioned and called one of the two most traditional women novelists of French Canada. The article focuses principally, however, on young feminist writers.

Dufault, Roseanna Lewis. "Growing Up in Winnipeg: Gabrielle Roy's Manitoba Heritage." Continental, Latin-American and Francophone Women Writers, Volume III. Eds. Ginette Adamson and Eunice Myers. Lanham, MD; New York; Oxford: University Press of America, 1997. 125-31.

Dufault, Roseanna Lewis. Metaphors of Identity: the Treatment of Childhood in selected Québécois novels. Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press; London: Associated University Presses, 1991.

In Chapter 6, "A Comparison of Childhood in Selected English-Canadian and Québécois Novels," Dufault discusses the character, Christine, in Rue Deschambault. Compares and contrasts her with young girls in other Canadian fiction.

Dufault, Roseanna Lewis. "Personal and Political Childhood in Quebec: Analogies for Identity." Continental, Latin-American and Francophone Women Writers; Selected Papers from Wichita State University Conference on Foreign Literature, 1984-1985. Volume I. Eds. Eunice Myers and Ginette Adamson. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1987. 63-69.

Duhamel, Roger. "Un beau, très beau roman; Bonheur d'occasion de Gabrielle Roy." Présence de la critique; critique et littérature contemporaines au Canada français. Ed. Gilles Marcotte. Montréal: Éditions Hurtubise HMH, 1971. 43-46.

Reprint of a review, "Bonheur d'occasion" from L'Action nationale (Oct.1945): 137-42.

Duhamel, Roger. "La Destinée d'un anonyme; Alexandre Chenevert, roman de Gabrielle Roy." Présence de la critique; critique et littérature contemporaines au Canada français. Ed. Gilles Marcotte. Montréal: Éditions Hurtubise HMH, 1971. 46-49.

Reprint of a review of Alexandre Chenevert that appeared in L'Action nationale in 1954.

Dumont, Fernand, and Jean-Charles Falardeau, eds. Littérature et société canadiennes-françaises; deuxième colloque de la revue Recherches sociographiques du Département de sociologie et d'anthropologie de l'Université Laval. Québec, [Canada]: Presses de l'Université Laval, 1964.

Roy is briefly mentioned several times in this work.

Dunn-Lardeau, Brenda. "Ethique médiévale et esthétique renaissante dans deux récits de Rue Deschambault de Gabrielle Roy." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 497-509.

Studies the stories, "Ma Coqueluche" and "Les Bijoux." In the former, the narrator, Christine, recalls schoolday fantasies of Elisabethan heros and in the latter, she is influenced by cultural notions that have their roots in religious traditions dating from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

Elder, Jo-Anne. "Ecrire le regard: analyse du discours optique dans Bonheur d'occasion." Portes de communication; études discursives et sylistiques de l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy. Eds. Claude Romney and Estelle Dansereau. [Sainte-Foy, Canada]: Presses de l'Université Laval, 1995. 137-55.

Essar, Dennis. "Gabrielle Roy et la création littéraire: de l'espace et du temps dans La Route d'Altamont." La Langue, la culture et la société des francophones de l'Ouest; les actes du quatrième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface les 23 et 24 novembre 1984. Eds. Annette Saint-Pierre and Liliane Rodriguez. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest, Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface, 1985. 47-66.

Essar, Dennis. "Gabrielle Roy: figurations spatiales d'une quête spirituelle." Un pays, une voix, Gabrielle Roy; colloque des 13 et 14 mai 1987. Ed. Marie-Lyne Piccione. ([Publications de la M.S.H.A., 146]). [Talence, France]: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine, [1991]. 27-35.

Discusses the tendency of Roy's characters to go off in quest of their hopes and dreams, as Roy herself did when she left Manitoba for Europe in 1937. The colloquium, Un pays, une voix, Gabrielle Roy; colloque des 13 et 14 mai 1987, was sponsored by the Centre d'études canadiennes de l'Université de Michel de Montaigne-Bordeaux III.

Essar, Dennis F. "Quatre livres récents sur Gabrielle Roy." CEFCO; Centre d'études franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 23 (May 1986): 17-22.

Ethier-Blais, Jean. Signets II. Montréal: Le Cercle du livre de France, 1967.

Roy is briefly mentioned in the chapter, "La Ville."

Ewing, Ronald. "Two Solitudes and Bonheur d'occasion: Mirror Images of Quebec." Journal of Canadian Culture 2.1 (1985): 85-98.

Fabry, Anne Srabian de (See: Srabian de Fabry, Anne)

Falardeau, Jean-Charles. "The Evolution of the Hero in the Quebec Novel." Contemporary Quebec Criticism. Ed. and Trans., Larry Shouldice. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1979. 95-116.

Observes that Roy, Roger Lemelin, Ringuet, and Germaine Guèvremont brought about a revolution of observation, realism, and faith in the present. Points out that with the social novels of Roy and Lemelin, in which the urban heroes come from a working class district, the city becomes for the first time a setting that influences the fate of the characters.

Falardeau, Jean-Charles. Imaginaire social et littérature. Montréal: Éditions Hurtubise HMH, 1974.

Studies the sociology of the novel. Roy is briefly mentioned on pages 39-40 with reference to the character, Jean Lévesque, from Bonheur d'occasion and his goal of climbing the socioeconomic ladder at any cost.

Falardeau, Jean-Charles. Notre Société et son roman. (Collection Sciences de l'homme & humanisme, 1) Montréal: Éditions HMH, 1967.

Discusses Bonheur d'occasion as an urban novel in Chapter 8, "Les Milieux sociaux dans le roman canadien-français contemporain." Focuses on the Saint-Henri district of Montreal, the setting for most of the novel's action.

Fauchon, André, ed. Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996.

Papers from this colloquium are entered under the individual names of the authors in this bibliography.

Fauchon, André. "Excursion géo-littéraire dans les régions de la Petite Poule d'Eau et d'Altamont." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 731-56.

Fauchon, André, ed. Langue et communication: les actes du neuvième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface les 12, 13 et 14 octobre 1989. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Centre d'études franco-canadiens de l'Ouest, 1990.

Includes papers by Estelle Dansereau, Paul Genuist, and Carol J. Harvey. These papers are entered under the individual names of the authors in this bibliography.

Fauchon, André, et al, eds. La Production culturelle en milieu minoritaire; les actes du colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface les 14, 15, et 16 octobre 1993. Winnipeg: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1994.

Includes papers by Marie Bartosova, Alan McDonell, Jeanette Urbas, and Carol J. Harvey. These papers are entered under the authors' individual names in this bibliography.

Fiand, Barbara. "Gabrielle Roy's The Hidden Mountain: A Poetic Expression of Existential Thought." The Malahat Review; an International Quarterly of Life and Letters 52 (Oct. 1979): 77-85.

With reference principally to Heidegger, but also to Sartre, Camus, and Hölderlin, examines the existential qualities in the principal character, Pierre Cadorai.

Fisher, Claudine. "Gabrielle Roy's regionalism and universality." The Social Science Journal 28.4 (1991): 523-32.

Fitzpatrick, Marjorie A. "Teaching French-Canadian Civilization Through the Literature: Hémon, Roy, and Blais." Quebec Studies 2 (1984): 82-93.

Advocates the use of literature to introduce students to French-Canadian society. Employs four important themes of historical importance in French-Canadian culture as a comprehensive code to demonstrate 20th century societal evolution: church, family, nature, and death. In the earliest work, Louis Hémon's Maria Chapdelaine, the code is idealized. In Roy's Bonheur d'occasion, the code is weighed and found wanting. In the most recent work, Marie-Claire Blais's Une saison dans la vie d'Emmanuel, the code is rejected.

Francoeur, Louis. "Esquisse d'un art poétique sur une lettre inédite de Gabrielle Roy." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 221-44.

A 1976 letter from Roy to Marie Grenier-Francoeur regarding the latter's study of La Montagne secrète inspired this paper in which Francoeur examines the sources of Roy's artistic expression.

Francoeur, Louis, and Marie Francoeur. Grimoire de l'art, grammaire de l'être. Sainte-Foy, [Canada]: Les Presses de l'Université Laval; Paris: Klincksieck, 1993.

Semiotic study of creativity, literature, and art. Chapter 6, "Le Roman: La Quête de La Montagne secrète" examines Roy's novel in terms of two systems: "le réseau exotopique" and "le réseau endotopique."

Francoeur, Marie (See also: Grenier-Francoeur, Marie)

Francoeur, Marie. "La détresse et l'enchantement: autobiographie et biographie d'artiste." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 151-68.

Francoeur, Marie. "Portrait de l'artiste en pédagogue dans Ces enfants de ma vie." Études Littéraires 17.3 (1984): 545-62.

Studies levels of discourse in this work of Roy's maturity, published six years before her death.

Francoeur, Marie, and Louis Francoeur. "Phanéroscopie du Moi artiste." Semiotica 108.1-2 (1996): 83-98.

Examines the Moi artiste in various works of literature. Mentions La Montagne secrète as a kind of fable describing the long quest of the protagonist, painter Pierre Cadorai, that prefigures Roy's expression of her own quest to create a self-portrait of the novelist-to-be in her autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement.

Franzen, Petra. "Margaret Laurence et Gabrielle Roy: un pays, deux mondes?" Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 8.2 (1996): 239-70.

Fraser, Graham. "Two Kinds of Realism the Key to Roy, Desrochers." The Montreal Gazette 19 July 1983: [pagination unavailable].

Article on the death of Gabrielle Roy; consists mainly of a discussion of Bonheur d'Occasion.

Fratta, Carla. Appunti sulla narrativa del Canada francofono. Roma: Bulzoni Editore, 1993.

In Chapter 1, "Bonheur d'occasion di Gabrielle Roy, romanzo urbano," the author examines the plot and characters of Bonheur d'occasion as an urban novel.

Fratta Di Primio, Carla. "Bonheur d'occasion di Gabrielle Roy." Canada: l'immaginazione letteraria. Ed. Alfredo Rizzardi. Abano Terme: Piovan, 1981. 193-201.

Provides a brief overview of the novel, discussing the characters, the ambiance, and Roy's narrative technique.

Frédéric, Madeleine. "Bonheur d'occasion et Alexandre Chenevert: une narration sous haute surveillance." Portes de communication; études discursives et sylistiques de l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy. Eds. Claude Romney and Estelle Dansereau. [Sainte-Foy, Canada]: Presses de l'Université Laval, 1995. 69-82.

Frédéric, Madeleine. "Il Romanzo Quebecchese e la seconda guerra mondiale: Saint-Henri nella tormenta." Il Canada e la Guerra dei Trent'anni; l'esperienza bellica di un popolo multietnico. Ed. Luigi Bruti Liberati. Milan: Edizioni Angelo Guerini, 1989. 303-12.

Frédéric, Madeleine. "Keetje de Neel Doff et Bonheur d'occasion de Gabrielle Roy: romans de crise et stratégie romanesque." Cultures du Canada français 5 (1988): 155-62.

Frédéric, Madeleine. "Montréal dans la crise des années 30: Bonheur d'occasion ou la stratégie des chronotopes." Montréal mégapole littéraire. Actes du séminaire de Bruxelles, septembre-décembre 1991. Ed. Madeleine Frédéric. Bruxelles: Centre d'Études canadiennes, 1992. 75-82.

Paper presented at a conference about the city of Montreal and its relation to literature.

Gaboury-Diallo, Lise. "Inspiration et création: le mythe de la Muse chez Gabrielle Roy." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 207-19.

Examines Roy's sources of artistic inspiration in La Montagne secrète, La Route d'Altamont, and La Détresse et l'enchantement.

Gagné, Marc. " La Rivière sans repos de Gabrielle Roy: Étude mythocritique incluant Voyage en Ungava (extraits) par Gabrielle Roy." Revue de l'Université d'Ottawa 46 (jan.-mars 1976): 83-107; (avr.-juin 1976): 180-99; (juil.-sept. 1976): 364-90.

A long and detailed critical study of La Rivière sans repos published in three parts. Includes a brief comparison of that work with an unpublished text by Roy describing her visit to Fort-Chimo in 1961.

Gagné, Marc. Visages de Gabrielle Roy, l'oeuvre et l'écrivain, suivi de "Jeux du romancier et des lecteurs" (extraits) par Gabrielle Roy. Montréal: Librairie Beauchemin Limitée, 1973.

A study of Roy's life and works. Includes chapters on Bonheur d'occasion, Alexandre Chenevert, La Petite poule d'eau, La Montagne secrète, Rue Deschambault, La Route d'Altamont, and La Rivière sans repos with a useful bibliography on p. 287-324. Appendix A, p. 263-72, consists of the text of a lecture given by Roy on Dec. 1, 1955 to the Alliance Française in Montreal, "Jeux du romancier et des lecteurs."

Gallant, Melvin, ed. Mer et littérature. Actes du colloque international sur "La mer dans les littératures d'expression française du XXe siècle," Moncton les 22-23-24 août 1991. Moncton, [Canada]: Éditions d'Acadie, 1992.

Includes papers about Roy authored by Carol J. Harvey and Paulette Collet. These papers are entered under their names in this bibliography.

Gallays, François. "A propos de quelques recensions des Enfants de ma vie de Gabrielle Roy." Incidences 4.2-3 (mai-déc. 1980): 7-47.

Compares five reviews of Ces enfants de ma vie, those of André Brochu, François Hébert, Gabrielle Poulain, André Renaud, and Réjean Robidoux. Characteristics are grouped into three main categories: 1. Text 2. Intertext 3. Extra-text. The first catagory, Text, is sub-divided into four categories: Production, Reception, Expression, and Content. The analysis is presented in tabular form.

Gallays, François. "Gabrielle Roy et ses deux «soeurs»: Marie-Claire Blais et Anne Hébert." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 565-74.

Examines three novels in which the action takes place during the time of World War II, when conditions both accelerated the industrialization of Montreal and set the scene for the changing role of women in Quebec: Bonheur d'occasion by Roy, Les Enfants du sabbat by Anne Hébert, and Une Saison dans la vie d'Emmanuel by Marie-Claire Blais. Focuses principally on the characters Florentine (Roy), Julie (Hébert), and Héloïse (Blais).

Gann, Andrew. "Géographie urbaine et «géographie émotionnelle» dans Bonheur d'occasion." Portes de communication; études discursives et sylistiques de l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy. Eds. Claude Romney and Estelle Dansereau. [Sainte-Foy, Canada]: Presses de l'Université Laval, 1995. 157-73.

Garneau, René. "Hommage à Gabrielle Roy." Ecrits du Canada Français 49 (1983): 119-23.

A tribute to Roy following her July 14, 1983 death. Includes a brief examination of Alexandre Chenevert and Rue Deschambault.

Gaulin, Michel. "La Route d'Altamont de Gabrielle Roy." Incidences [Revue littéraire] 10 (août 1966): 27-38.

Analyzes the characters and themes in La Route d'Altamont. Reprinted in Gabrielle Roy. (Dossiers de documentation sur la littérature canadienne-française) Eds. Roland-M. Charland and Jean-Noël Samson. Montréal: Fides, 1967, p.71-77.

Gaulin, Michel-Lucien. "Le Monde romanesque de Roger Lemelin et Gabrielle Roy." Le Roman canadien-français; évolution, témoignages, bibliographie. (Archives des lettres canadiennes, Tome 3) Montréal: Fides, 1971. 133-51.

Gauthier, Denis. "Petite-Rivière-St-François se mobilise pour rendre hommage à Gabrielle Roy." Le Soleil 10 août 1985: [pagination unavailable].

Describes preparations for a day of tribute to Gabrielle Roy held two years after her death at her summer home in Petite-Rivière Saint-François.

Gauthier, Denis. "Hommage à Gabrielle Roy. Berthe Simard a bien des souvenirs à se remémorer." Le Soleil 17 août 1985: [pagination unavailable].

A friend and neighbor of Gabrielle Roy in Petite-Rivière Saint-François shares her memories of Roy on the eve of a special event honoring the late novelist.

Gauvin, Lise. "Réception et roman; Bonheur d'occasion et Alexandre Chenevert de Gabrielle Roy." Canada ieri et oggi; atti des 6e convegno internazionale di studi canadesi. Selva di Fasano, 27-31 marzo 1985. Vol. I. Sezione francofona. Eds. Giovanni Dotoli and Sergio Zoppi. Fasano, Italy: Schena Editore, 1986. 227-44.

Gauvin, Lise. "Une Ville en mode mineur: Considérations sur Montréal dans le roman récent." Possibles 3.1 (automne 1978): 11-23.

Examines novels set in Montreal. Identifies Bonheur d'occasion and Alexandre Chenevert as the earliest of these novels in which the hero is an unhappy proletarian who is confiding in a writer who is equally unhappy and uncomfortable in the city.

Gauvin,Lise and Emma Henderson "From Octave Crémazie to Victor-Lévy Beaulieu: Language, Literature, and Ideology." Yale French Studies 65 (1983): 30-49.

Gauvin, Lise, and Gaston Miron. Ecrivains contemporains du Québec depuis 1950. Paris: Éditions Seghers, 1989.

Gabrielle Roy is one of the authors presented in this reader/anthology. Includes a brief biographical sketch and short selections from three of her works: Bonheur d'occasion, Ces enfants de ma vie, and La Détresse et l'enchantement.

Gay, Paul. Notre roman; panorama littéraire du Canada français. Montréal: Éditions Hurtubise HMH, 1973.

Material about Roy appears in several places in this book. Her fictional works published before 1973 are briefly discussed.

Genuist, Monique. "Une Canadienne française de l'Ouest à la recherche de son identité." L'Ouest canadien et l'Amérique française; les actes du huitième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Centre D'études Bilingues, Université de Régina les 21 et 22 octobre 1988. Ed. Pierre-Yves Mocquais. Regina, [Canada]: Centre D'études Bilingues, Université de Regina, 1990. 225-34.

Genuist, Monique. La Création romanesque chez Gabrielle Roy. Ottawa: Le Cercle du Livre de France, 1966.

Genuist, Monique. "Lecture féministe de Valcourt; ou la dernière étape de M.-A. Roy." La Langue, la culture et la société des francophones de l'Ouest; les actes du quatrième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface les 23 et 24 novembre 1984. Eds. Annette Saint-Pierre and Liliane Rodriguez. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest, Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface, 1985. 77-86.

Marie-Anna Adèle Roy, the author of Valcourt, ou la dernière étape, is an elder sister of Gabrielle Roy.

Genuist, Monique. "L'Ouest réel et mythique dans Un Jardin au bout du monde." Un pays, une voix, Gabrielle Roy colloque des 13 et 14 mai 1987. Ed. Marie-Lyne Piccione. ([Publications de la M.S.H.A., 146]) [Talence, France]: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine, [1991]. 107-14.

In the four stories that comprise Un Jardin au bout du monde, immigrants are seeking greater opportunity for a better life in western Canada. Examines this work in terms of the dream/myth and the reality of the experiences of the characters created by Roy.

Genuist, Monique. "Quebec Women Without Dispute." Cross-Cultural Studies: American, Canadian, and European Literatures: 1945-1985. Proceedings of the Symposium on Contemporary Literatures and Cultures of the United States of America and Canada. Bled, Slovenia, Yugoslavia, 9-14 May 1988. Ed. Mirko Jurak. Ljubljana: English Department, Filozofska fakulteta, Edvard Kardelj, University of Ljubljana, 1988. 245-50.

Studies the evolution of themes and the portrayal of women in the works of principal women fiction writers of Quebec. Finds that in the 1970's, feminists dominated all genres and that Roy was among several 20th century women writers who paved the way.

Genuist, Monique. "Les Voix du vent chez Gabrielle Roy." A la mesure du pays [. . .]; les actes du dixième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège Saint-Thomas More, Université de la Saskatchewan les 12 et 13 octobre 1990. Eds. Jean-Guy Quenneville, et al. Saskatoon, [Canada]: Unité de recherches pour les études canadiennes-françaises, Collège St-Thomas More et le Département de français, Université de la Saskatchewan, 1991. 157-64.

Genuist, Monique, et al, eds. Héritage et avenir des francophones de l'Ouest; les actes du cinquième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège St-Thomas More, Université de la Saskatchewan le 18 et 19 octobre 1985. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest, 1986.

Annual colloquium of the Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest published with the collaboration of the Collège St-Thomas More, Université de la Saskatchewan. Includes papers on Roy entered in this bibliography under the names of the authors: Thérèse Lafontaine and Paulette Collet.

Genuist, Paul. "Les Errances d'une institutrice dans l'Ouest canadien." A la mesure du pays [. . .]; les actes du dixième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège Saint-Thomas More, Université de la Saskatchewan les 12 et 13 octobre 1990. Eds. Jean-Guy Quenneville, et al. Saskatoon, [Canada]: Unité de recherches pour les études canadiennes-françaises, Collège St-Thomas More et le Département de français, Université de la Saskatchewan, 1991. 191-99.

Genuist, Paul. "Gabrielle Roy, personnage et personne." Langue et communication; les actes du neuvième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface les 12, 13 et 14 octobre 1989. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest, 1990. 117-25.

Genuist, Paul, and Monique Genuist. Marie-Anna Roy; une voix solitaire. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Éditions des Plaines, 1992 [1991?].

A biography and examination of the writings of an elder sister of Gabrielle Roy. Marie-Anna Adèle Roy was a teacher and the author of several fictional and historical books. The beliefs and actions of Marie-Anna Adèle contributed to painful divisions within the Roy family that deeply upset Gabrielle Roy during the final decades of her life.

Gezundhajt, Henriette, and Paul Bessler, eds. La Frontière du dit; à l'intérieur et autour du texte. Toronto: Éditions GFA; Département de français, Université de Toronto, 1992.

Among the papers presented at this colloquium held at the University of Toronto, Natalie Dolbec examines Bonheur d'occasion and Diane Knowler discusses La Saga des poules mouillées, a play by Jovette Marchessault in which Gabrielle Roy is one of the characters. These papers are entered under the individual authors' names in this bibliography.

Gilbert, Paula Ruth (See also: Lewis, Paula Gilbert)

Gilbert, Paula Ruth. "All Roads Pass Through Jubilee: Gabrielle Roy's La Route d'Altamont and Alice Munro's Lives of Girls and Women." Colby Quarterly 29 (June 1993): 136-48.

Includes a four page bibliography, "Selected Bibliography on Comparative Québec and Canadian Literatures, Post-Colonialism, Postmodernism, and Feminism."

Giron, Roger. "Gabrielle Roy, Prix Fémina." La Revue Moderne 20.11 (mars 1948): [74].

Review of Bonheur d'occasion and commentary on Roy's receiving the Prix Fémina for this novel.

Godard, Barbara. "Ex-centriques, Eccentric, Avant-Garde: Women and Modernism in the Literatures of Canada." Room of One's Own 8.4 (1984): 57-75.

Studies several Canadian women writers. Analyses Roy through the character of Alexandre Chenevert. Argues that " [. . .] there is a causal link between their situation as women and the pioneering role of women writers in [Canada . . .]. The more forcefully they have asserted their feminism, the more disruptive their literary products have been."

Godard, Barbara. "Une littérature en devenir: la réécriture textuelle et le dynamisme du champ littéraire. Les écrivaines québécoises au Canada anglais." Voix et Images 24.3/72 (printemps 1999): 495-527.

Finds that Roy, Anne Hébert, and Marie-Claire Blais are the authors of French Canada who have received the most attention from anglophone Canadian literary critiques. Cites several studies to support the idea. Other studies show that a higher percentage of the works of these three authors' have been translated than those of any other French-Canadian authors.

Godbout, Jacques. "Gabrielle Roy: Notre-Dame des Bouleaux." L'Actualité 4.1 (jan. 1979): 30-34.

Recounts a visit with Roy and provides a retrospective summary of her life and career.

Grace, Sherrill E. "Duality and Series: Forms of the Canadian Imagination." Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de littérature comparée 7.4 (Fall/automne 1980): 438-51.

Presents two predominant patterns in modern Canadian prose: duality and series. Cites Rue Deschambault as one example of Canadian works that are in a serial form. Defines this as collections of interrelated stories concerned with the "progression through time of an individual who is often an artist in the making, or with recapturing of time and the significance of events in a small town as perceived by a specific narrating consciousness."

Grace, Sherrill E. "Quest for the Peaceable Kingdom: Urban/Rural Codes in Roy, Laurence, and Atwood." Women Writers and the City: Essays in Feminist Literary Criticism. Ed. Susan Merrill Squier. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984. 193-209.

Finds that most Canadian literature is dominated by wilderness and rural or small town life. Bonheur d'occasion, however, takes place in Montreal, and the works of Laurence and Atwood examined in this paper take place respectively in Vancouver and Toronto. This study seeks to illustrate the significance of urban/rural codes by studying the portrayals of the three largest Canadian cities in these novels.

Grandpré, Chantal de. "Le Québec au féminin vu des États-Unis." Voix et images 11.2/32 (hiver 1986): 328-29.

Brief discussion of two books by Paula Gilbert Lewis: The Literary Vision of Gabrielle Roy: An Analysis of her Works and Traditionalism, Nationalism, and Feminism: Women Writers of Quebec.

Grandpré, Pierre de. Dix ans de vie littéraire au Canada français. Montréal: Beauchemin, 1966.

In one short chapter, "Le Lait de la tendresse humaine," Grandpré discusses Rue Deschambault. Elsewhere in the book La Petite poule d'eau, Bonheur d'occasion, and Alexandre Chenevert are mentioned.

Grandpré, Pierre de. Histoire de la littérature française du Québec. 4 vols. Montréal: Librairie Beauchemin, 1969.

In Volume 4, several pages are devoted to Roy including an overview of Bonheur d'occasion, Alexandre Chenevert, and Rue Deschambault. Includes a brief biographical sketch and a short bibliography.

Grandpré, Pierre de. "Rue Deschambault. Étude de Pierre de Grandpré." Gabrielle Roy. (Dossiers de documentation sur la littérature canadienne-française) Eds. Roland-M. Charland and Jean-Noël Samson. Montréal: Fides, [1967]. 61-64.

Modified version of "Le Lait de la tendresse humaine," entered above. Appended to it is a reprint of a review of Rue Deschambault by Gérard Tougas published in The French Review 30.1 (Oct. 1956): 92-93.

Green, Mary Jean. "Gabrielle Roy and Germaine Guèvremont: Quebec's Daughters Face a Changing World." Journal of Women's Studies in Literature 1.3 (Summer 1979): 243-57.

Green, Mary Jean. "The Novel in Quebec: The Family Plot and the Personal Voice." Studies on Canadian Literature; Introductory and Critical Essays. Ed. Arnold E. Davidson. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1990. 178-92.

Includes a brief discussion of the female characters in Bonheur d'occasion. Roy is mentioned several times in the book.

Green, Mary Jean. "Structures of Liberation: Female Experience and Autobiographical Form in Quebec (in Different Intertextualities)." Yale French Studies 65 (1983): 124-136.

Green, Mary Jean, Paula Gilbert Lewis, and Karen Gould. "Inscriptions of the Feminine: A Century of Women Writing in Quebec." American Review of Canadian Studies 15.4 (1985): 363-88.

An essay that traces the evolution of feminine writing in Quebec. The publication of Bonheur d'occasion in 1945 is viewed as an important event: "For the first time, a woman novelist was able to create a form of literary expression that diverged in several ways from the Quebec cultural tradition and to see it accepted as part of the literary mainstream." Finds that contemporary women's writing has been more important in Quebec than in France, England, or the United States.

Grenier, Suzanne. "Problème linguistique que pose ici et en France le roman Bonheur d'occasion." La Presse 11 nov. 1947: 8.

Grenier-Francoeur, Marie (See also: Francoeur, Marie)

Grenier-Francoeur, Marie. "Etude de la structure anaphorique dans La Montagne secrète de Gabrielle Roy." Voix et Images 1.3 (avril 1976): 387-405.

Grisé, Yolande, and Robert Major. Mélanges de littérature canadienne-française et québécoise offerts à Réjean Robidoux. (Cahiers du CRCCF, 29) [Ottawa]: Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1992.

Includes papers by François Ricard and Agnes Whitfield. Those papers are entered in this bibliography under the individual names of the authors.

Grosskurth, Phyllis. Canadian Writers & their Works; Gabrielle Roy. Toronto; London; Sydney; Auckland; Capetown; Singapore: Forum House, 1969.

Grosskurth, Phyllis. "Gabrielle Roy and the Silken Noose." Canadian Literature 42 (Autumn 1969): 6-13.

Grosskurth, Phyllis. "A Writer with the Love of a Mother." The Globe and Mail 15 July 1983: [pagination unavailable].

Article on the death of Gabrielle Roy and an overview of her life.

Guénette, Louise. "Les Formes ici et là: emplois en phrase et fonctions discursives." Les Langues menacées/Endangered Languages. Actes du XVe Congrès International des Linguistes/Proceedings of the XVth International Congress of Linguists, Québec, Université Laval, 9-14 August 1992. Eds. André Crochetière, Jean-Claude Boulanger, and Conrad Ouellon. 4 vols. Sainte-Foy, [Canada]: Presses de l'Université Laval, 1993. Vol. 2: 281-84.

Uses examples from Rue Deschambault and De quoi t-ennuies-tu, Éveline? to illustrate usage of the adverbs ici and là.

Guérard, Marie Gabrielle. "Faire de sa vie un livre: l'autobiographie de Gabrielle Roy." Esprit 124 (mars 1987): 93-100.

A retrospective look at Roy's life, career, and literary output in relation to her autobiographical work, La Détresse et l'enchantement.

Guillaume, Sylvie, et al, eds. L'espace canadien et ses représentations. Actes du colloque international tenu à Talence les 16 et 17 décembre 1994. (Publications de la M.S.H.A., 217.) Talence, [France]: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine, 1996. 101-107.

Colloquium sponsored by the Centre d'études canadiennes de l'Université Michel de Montaigne-Bordeaux III. Includes papers by P.S. Noble and Marie-Pierre Andron. These papers are entered under the individual names of the authors in this bibliography.

Guillemette, Lucie. "Un Dire féminin: l'Amérique dans De quoi t-ennuies-tu, Éveline? de Gabrielle Roy, Simone de Beauvoir revisitée." Simone de Beauvoir Studies 10 (1993): 121-26.

Guillemette, Lucie. "L'Espace narratif dans De quoi t'ennuies-tu Éveline?: l'avènement d'un dire libérateur." Portes de communication; études discursives et sylistiques de l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy. Eds. Claude Romney and Estelle Dansereau. [Sainte-Foy, Canada]: Presses de l'Université Laval, 1995. 103-17.

Guth, Paul. "L'Interview de Paul Guth. Gabrielle Roy, Prix Fémina 1947." La Gazette des lettres 3e année.51 13 déc. 1947: 1-2.

Roy discusses her life and her work in this interview.

Hahn, Cynthia T. "A la recherche d'une voix: les premiers récits de Gabrielle Roy." Portes de communication; études discursives et sylistiques de l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy. Eds. Claude Romney and Estelle Dansereau. [Sainte-Foy, Canada]: Presses de l'Université Laval, 1995. 47-68.

Hahn, Cynthia T. "Disappearing Horizons: Closural Strategies in Gabrielle Roy's Short-Story Sequences." The French Review 70.2 (Dec. 1996): 280-91.

Hahn, Cynthia T. "Gabrielle Roy: portraits d'une voix en formation." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 29-39.

Hahn, Cynthia T. "In search of a 'Common Shore': Deciphering Water Imagery in the Works of Gabrielle Roy." Revue francophone de Louisiane 2.1 (Spring 1987): 27-32.

Examines Roy's use of water imagery in La Route d'Altamont, Un Jardin au bout du monde, Bonheur d'occasion, Alexandre Chenevert, La Petite Poule d'eau, Ces enfants de ma vie, Rue Deschambault, La Montagne secrète, Cet été qui chantait, De quoi t'ennuies-tu Éveline?, La Détresse et l'enchantement, Fragiles lumières de la terre, and La Rivière sans repos. Finds that "her characters are consistently drawn towards water."

Hamelin, Jean. "Panorama du roman canadien français." Le français dans le Monde 23 (mars 1964): 32-35.

Devotes one paragraph to Roy, mentioning Bonheur d'occasion, La Petite Poule d'eau, Rue Deschambault, and Alexandre Chenevert.

Harvey, C. J. [i.e. Carol J.?]. "Georges Bugnet et Gabrielle Roy: paysages littéraires de l'Ouest canadien." Littéréalité: une revue d'écrits originaux et de critique/A Journal of Creative and Original Writing 6.1 (1994): 53-67.

Harvey, Carol J. "Les Collines et la plaine: l'héritage manitobain de Gabrielle Roy." CEFCO; Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest 12 (Oct. 1982): 22-27.

Harvey, Carol J. Le Cycle Manitobain de Gabrielle Roy. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Les Éditions des Plaines, 1993.

Essay about Roy and three of her fictional works that take place in her native Manitoba: Rue Deschambault, La route d'Altamont, and Ces enfants de ma vie. Maintains that these three novels clearly establish the importance of the influence of Roy's experiences growing up in Manitoba on her literary creations. Includes a bibliography, p. 261-72.

Harvey, Carol J. "Un Discours double sur l'autre: Ces enfants de ma vie et La Détresse et l'enchantement." Les Discours de l'altérité; les actes du douzième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu à l'Institut de formation linguistique Université de Regina les 23 et 24 octobre 1992. Eds. Jacques Paquin, Pierre-Yves Mocquais, and Richard Lapointe. Regina, [Canada]: Institut de formation linguistique, Université de Regina, 1994. 22-27.

Harvey, Carol J. "Écriture et récupération dans l'oeuvre manitobaine de Gabrielle Roy." La Production culturelle en milieu minoritaire; les actes du treizième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface les 14, 15 et 16 octobre 1993. Eds. André Fauchon, et al. Winnipeg [Saint-Boniface?], [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1994. 311-19.

Harvey, Carol J. "Gabrielle Roy et l'espace éclaté." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 6.2 (automne 1994): 201-14.

Harvey, Carol J. "Gabrielle Roy, institutrice: reportage et texte narratif." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 3.1 (printemps 1991): 31-42.

Harvey, Carol J. "Gabrielle Roy: l'exil et le retour." L'Ouest français et la francophonie nord-américaine. Actes du Colloque international de la francophonie tenu à Angers du 26 au 29 mai 1994. Ed. Georges Cesbron. [Angers, France]: Presses de l'Université d'Angers, 1996. 181-86.

Harvey, Carol J. "Gabrielle Roy: reporter et romancière." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 41-52.

Harvey, Carol J. "La Plaine-mer de Gabrielle Roy." Mer et littérature. Actes du colloque international sur "La mer dans les littératures d'expression française du XXe siècle." Moncton les 22-24 août 1991. Ed. Melvin Gallant. Moncton, [Canada]: Éditions d'Acadie, 1992. 247-63.

Harvey, Carol J. "La Relation mère-fille dans La Route d'Altamont." Un Pays, une voix, Gabrielle Roy; colloque des 13 et 14 mai 1987. Ed. Marie-Lyne Piccione. ([Publications de la M.S.H.A., 146]) [Talence, France]: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine, [1991]. 47-55.

Traces the relationship of Christine and her mother, Éveline, in the three stories comprising La Route d'Altamont. Christine's feelings about her mother, her desire to become independent, and the necessity to reconcile her needs for both security and adventure mirror Roy's own life and her relationship with her mother. A version of this paper was also published in Canadian Modern Language Review/La Revue Canadienne des Langues Vivantes 46.2 (janvier 1990): 304-11.

Harvey, Carol J. " Structure et techniques narratives dans La Route d'Altamont." La Langue, la culture et la société des francophones de l'Ouest; les actes du quatrième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface les 23 et 24 novembre 1984. Eds. Annette Saint-Pierre and Liliane Rodriguez. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest, Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface, 1985. 97-107.

Harvey, Carol J. "Symbolisme et communication dans l'oeuvre manitobaine de Gabrielle Roy." Langue et communication; les actes du neuvième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface les 12, 13 et 14 octobre 1989. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Centre d'études franco-canadiens de l'Ouest, 1990. 127-34.

Hayne, David M. "Gabrielle Roy." Canadian Modern Language Review (Winter 1957): 5-11.

Presents an overview of Roy's life and fiction. Comments on Alexandre Chenevert, Bonheur d'occasion, Rue Deschambault, and La Petite poule d'eau.

Hayne, David M. "Gabrielle Roy." Canadian Modern Language Review/La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes 21 (Fall 1964): 20-26.

An update of the article with the same title from Sept. 1958 entered below. Haynes has added material about La Montagne secrète, published in 1960, that he describes as a "kind of allegory of the quest of the Canadian artist."

Hayne, David M. "Gabrielle Roy." Modern Languages; Journal of the Modern Language Association 39.3 (Sept. 1958): 83-88.

Examines themes and characters in Roy's first four major fictional works: Bonheur d'occasion, La Petite Poule d'eau, Rue Deschambault, and Alexandre Chenevert. Concludes that Bonheur d'occasion is the only one of her works that emerges from the Canadian tradition to become a universal novel.

Haynes, Dave. "Bid for Roy Home Launched." The Winnipeg Free Press 20 April 1982: [pagination unavailable].

Article on the sale of Gabrielle Roy's childhood home.

Hayward, Annette. "Le Roman québécois au féminin avant 1960; «mère plutôt que femme»." Mises en scène d'écrivains Assia Djebar, Nicole Brossard, Madeleine Gagnon, France Théoret. Eds. Nicole Brossard, et al. (Collection Trait d'union) Sainte-Foy, [Canada]: Éditions Le Griffon d'argile, 1993. 149-60.

Discusses novels by four French-Canadian women authors: Angéline de Montbrun (by Laure Conan, 1882), Le Torrent (by Anne Hébert, 1945), La Belle bête (by Marie-Claire Blais, 1959), and Bonheur d'occasion (by Roy, 1945), examining an intertextuality that forms a kind of single work founded on Conan's novel where the role of the mother is glorified.

Hébert, François. "Gabrielle Roy: Ces enfants de ma vie." Liberté 20.[115?] (1978): 102-105.

Review article.

Heidenreich, Rosmarin. "Le «je» spéculaire: Rue Deschambault comme Bildungsroman." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 477-86.

Hesse, M.G. Gabrielle Roy. Boston: Twayne, 1984.

Includes an overview of Roy's life, an analysis of her major works, notes and references, bibliography, and index.

Hesse, M.G. Gabrielle Roy par elle-même. Tr. Michelle Tisseyre. Montréal: Stanké, 1985.

A translation of the 1984 Twayne publication entered above. Includes an overview of Roy's life, an analysis of her major works, notes and references, bibliography, index, and several témoignages, statements by people who knew Gabrielle Roy personally or professionally.

Hesse, M.G. "Le Portrait de l'enfance et de jeunesse dans l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy." L'Action nationale 62.6 (fév. 1973): 496-512.

Hesse, M.G. "There are no more strangers: Gabrielle Roy's immigrants." Canadian Children's Literature 35-36 (1984): 27-37.

Hind-Smith, Joan. Three Voices; the Lives of Margaret Laurence, Gabrielle Roy, Frederick Philip Grove. Toronto; Vancouver: Clarke, Irwin and Co., 1975.

The section on Roy (p. 62-126) covers basic information on Roy and her works published before 1975. Sources are documented and the source often is Roy herself directly through conversations and letters.

Hogue, Jacqueline. "De l'oeil à la plume: Quand les mots deviennent vie." Canadian Woman Studies/Les Cahiers de la Femme 6.4 (Winter 1985): 112-13.

Brief comments about the posthumous publication of La Détresse et l'enchantement.

Houle, Alain. "René Richard et Gabrielle Roy: le Nord fascinant." La Presse 31 décembre 1976.

Describes a meeting with Roy and René Richard, whose life inspired La Montagne Secrète.

Houle, Alain. "Les Voyageries de Gabrielle Roy et de René Richard." North/Nord 24 (nov.- déc. 1977): 36-43.

Illustrated article about Canadian painter, R. Richard and La Montagne secrète. Richard's life inspired this novel by Roy.

Howard, Françoise. "Rue Deschambault par Gabrielle Roy." The Canadian Modern Language Review 24.2 (Jan. 1968): 61-67.

A pedagogical article suggesting a method for studying this literary work with high school students.

Hudon, Jean-Guy. "Un Jardin au bout du monde et autres nouvelles de Gabrielle Roy." Dictionnaire des oeuvres littéraires du Québec. Tome 5, 1970-1975. Eds. Maurice Lemire, et al. Montréal: Fides, 1987. 914-16.

Includes a short discussion of the four stories that comprise the work followed by a bibliography of theses, book reviews, and scholarly studies.

Huffman, Shawn. "L'Enfermement et le bref chez Gabrielle Roy, Anne Hébert et Adrienne Choquette." La Nouvelle québécoise au XXe siècle; de la tradition à l'innovation. Eds. Michel Lord and André Carpentier. (Les Cahiers du Centre de recherche en littérature québécoise, 19) [Montréal]: Nuit Blanche Editeur, 1997.

Hughes, Terrance [Ryan]. Gabrielle Roy et Margaret Laurence: deux chemins, une recherche. (Collection soleil) 2e éd. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Éditions du Blé, 1987.

Book based on author's Ph.D. thesis listed above.

Imbert, Patrick. "Gabrielle Roy en livre de poche chez Stanké." Lettres Québécoises 22 (été 1981): 64-66.

News story, not scholarly.

Jakabfi, Anna. "Social and Cultural Issues in Two Canadian Postwar Novels: Gabrielle Roy's Where Nests the Waterhen (1950) and Hugh MacLennan: Each man's Son (1951)." Cross-Cultural Studies: American, Canadian and European Literatures: 1945-1985. Ed. Mirko Jurak. Ljubljana, [Yugoslavia]: English Department, Filozofska fakulteta, Edvard Kardelj, University of Ljubljana, 1988. 235-43.

Proceedings of the Symposium on Contemporary Literatures and Cultures of the United States of America and Canada. Bled, Slovenia, Yugoslavia, 9-14 May 1988.

Jobin, Antoine J. "Notes on the Evolution of the French-Canadian Novel." The French Review 21.2 (Dec. 1947): 114-19.

Jones, Grahame C. "Alexandre Chenevert et Kamouraska: une lecture australienne." Voix & Images 7.2 (hiver 1982): 329-41.

Jones, Mme R., and F.G. Howlett. "Rue Deschambault: une analyse." The Canadian Modern Language Review 24.3 (mar. 1968): 58-63.

Joubert, Ingrid. "Gabrielle Roy: une mythisation de «l'état originaire»?" Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 245-56.

Discusses a tendency of Roy to mythicize "l'état originaire" of the principal characters in La Petite poule d'eau and La Montagne secrète. In the former, Luzina Toussignant seeks to create an earthly paradise and in the latter, Pierre Cadorai seeks to create an ideal work of art. Joubert finds that water is a common thread in the two works and that it facilitates the quests of the protagonists.

Joubert, Jean-Louis, et al. Les Littératures francophones depuis 1945. Paris: Bordas, 1986.

One page is devoted to Roy and her works.

Juery, René. "Interprétation de quelques formes des discours de Gabrielle Roy." Voix & Images 6.2 (hiver 1981): 293-317.

Jukpor, Ben. "La Route d'Altamont de Gabrielle Roy: la recherche de soi." Ecriture et politique; les actes du septième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu à la Faculté Saint-Jean, Université de l'Alberta les 16 et 17 octobre 1987. Eds. Gratien Allaire, Gilles Cadrin, and Paul Dubé. Edmonton, [Canada]: Institut de Recherche de la Faculté Saint-Jean, Université de l'Alberta 1989. 23-34.

Jurak, Mirko, ed. Cross-cultural Studies: American, Canadian and European Literatures: 1945-1985. Ljubljana, [Yugoslavia]: English Department, Filozofska fakulteta, Edvard Kardelj, University of Ljubljana, 1988. 235-43.

Proceedings of the Symposium on Contemporary Literatures and Cultures of the United States of America and Canada. Bled, Slovenia, Yugoslavia, 9-14 May 1988. Includes a paper on Roy by Anna Jakabfi entered above.

Kahane, Henri, and Renée Kahane. "The Autobiography as Linguistic Historiography; Gabrielle Roy's Self-Portrait of a French-Canadian." Lingua et Traditio; Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaf und der neueren Philologien. Festschrift für Hans Helmut Christman zum 65. Geburtstag. Eds. Richard Baum, et al. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag Tübingen, 1994. 883-87.

Discusses the dominating theme of La détresse et l'enchantement, the problem of Roy's language. Finds that "Canadian bilingualism as experienced by a Francophone marks every aspect of her life.

Kapetanovitch [Kapetanovich?], Myo. "Alexandre Chenevert de Gabrielle Roy et les contradictions de son humanisme." L'Ouest canadien et l'Amérique française; les actes du huitième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Centre d'études bilingues Université de Regina les 21 et 22 octobre 1988. Ed. Pierre-Yves Mocquais. Regina, [Canada]: Centre d'études bilingues, Université de Regina, 1990. 251-58.

Kapetanovich, Myo. "L'Appel et le défi des grands espaces dans La Montagne Secrète de Gabrielle Roy." A la mesure du pays [. . .]; les actes du dixième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège Saint-Thomas More, Université de la Saskatchewan les 12 et 13 octobre 1990. Eds. Jean-Guy Quenneville, et al. Saskatoon, [Canada]: Unité de Recherches pour les études canadiennes-françaises, Collège Saint-Thomas More et le Département de français,Université de la Saskatchewan, 1991. 165-79.

Kapetanovich, Myo. "Bonheur d'occasion, faute d'évasion." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 3.1 (printemps 1991): 97-122.

Kapetanovich, Myo. "La Rivière sans repos de Gabrielle Roy." Après dix ans . . . bilan et prospective; les actes du onzième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu à la Faculté Saint-Jean, Université de l'Alberta du 17 au 19 octobre 1991. Eds. Gratien Allaire, Paul Dubé, and Gamila Morcos. Edmonton, [Canada]: Institut de Recherche de la Faculté Saint-Jean, 1992. 63-76.

Karch, Mariel O'Neill and Pierre Karch. "Montreal: A Breeding Ground for Cynical Heroes." Canadian Modern Languge Review 33.3 (jan. 1977): 301-08.

Kasper, Louise Renée. "Le Voyage au bout de la mémoire: la tapisserie textuelle de La Route d'Altamont." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 257-70.

Kègle, Christiane. "Défaillance symbolique et savoir de l'écrivain; lecture sémio-psychanalytique de Bonheur d'occasion." Bonheur d'occasion au pluriel: lectures et approches critiques. Ed. Marie-Andrée Beaudet (Collection Séminaires, 10) Québec: Éditions Nota bene, 1999. 165-87.

Kirk, Heather. "The Secret Heart of Gabrielle Roy." The Barrie Banner 11 December 1985: [pagination unavailable].

Article about Gabrielle Roy. Mentions La Détresse et l'enchantment.

Knowler, Diane. "Le Contexte et l'intertexte de La Saga des poules mouillées." La Frontière du dit à l'intérieur et autour du texte. Eds. Henriette Gezundhajt and Paul Bessler. [Toronto]: Éditions GFA; Département de français, Université de Toronto, 1992. 107-19.

Analyzes La Saga des poules mouillées, a feminist play by Jovette Marchessault in which Gabrielle Roy is one of the characters. The action consists of an imaginary meeting of four of the leading French-Canadian women authors: Roy, Laure Conan, Germaine Guèvremont, and Anne Hébert.

Knowler, Diane. "Deux voyageuses dans l'espace manitobain." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 299-311.

Kushner, Eva. "De la représentation à la vision du monde." Québec français 36 (déc. 1979): 38-40.

Reprinted in Romanciers du Québec, 1980, p. 173-78.

Kwaterko, Jozef. "La Problématique interculturelle dans Alexandre Chenevert de Gabrielle Roy." University of Toronto Quarterly 63.4 (Summer 1994): 566-74.

Kwaterko, Józef. "Swinguer, valser . . .: le chronotope de la danse dans Bonheur d'occasion." Bonheur d'occasion au pluriel: lectures et approches critiques. Ed. Marie-Andrée Beaudet. (Collection Séminaires, 10) Québec: Éditions Nota bene, 1999. 139-64.

Labonté, René. "Gabrielle Roy, journaliste: au fil de ses reportages (1939-1945)." Studies in Canadian Literature/Études en Littérature Canadienne 7.1 (1982): 90-108.

Discusses Roy's journalistic writing and its relation to her fictional works.

Labonté, René. "Gabrielle Roy n'est plus . . . Vive son oeuvre!" Lettres Québécoises 34 (été 1984): 107-108.

A personal expression of appreciation of Roy's contributions as a writer of fiction and as a journalist.

Lacombe, Michèle. "The Origins of The Hidden Mountain." Canadian Literature 88 (Spring 1981): 164-66.

Suggests that the strengths and weaknesses of La Montagne secrète come from the attempt to merge two real-life figures: painter René Richard, and Roy herself. Describes Richard's life, which Roy followed in detail in the novel almost until the ending. Roy's protagonist, Pierre Cadorai died young and unknown in Paris, whereas René Richard enjoyed a long life and some renown as a painter after returning to Canada from Paris.

Laflèche, Guy. "Les Bonheurs d'occasion du roman québécois." Voix & Images 3.1 (sept. 1977): 96-115.

Detailed study in which Laflèche compares and contrasts his analysis of Bonheur d'occasion with the analyses of other literary critics. Several tables are employed to illustrate the chronology, narrative structure, and other elements of the structure of the novel.

Lafleur, Bruno. "Bonheur d'occasion." Revue dominicaine 51.2 (déc. 1945): 289-96.

Lafleur's personal reading of Bonheur d'occasion. Examines the characters of Florentine, Rose-Anna, Azarius, Jean Lévesque, and Emmanuel Létourneau, as well as the plot and the style of writing. Contains reproaches regarding Roy's writing and the morality depicted in the novel.

Lafleur, Jacques. "Gabrielle Roy." Ecriture française dans le monde 2.1-2 ([Oct.?] 1980): 74-77.

Discusses the life and works of Roy, whose parents were born in Quebec and emigrated to Manitoba. Finds that her characters form a people who, like emigrants, are constantly looking elsewhere and always further for the realization of their dreams.

Lafontaine, Cécile. "L'Etrangère; Gabrielle Roy's Search for Home." The Canadian Forum; A Monthly Journal of Opinion and the Arts 66.759 (May 1986): 16-22.

Examines Roy's plight as a Canadian born in the West of francophone parents and the effect of these circumstances on her life and work. "By virtue of this hovering status, Gabrielle Roy was looked upon by each [Canadian] majority as an outsider [. . .]."

Lafontaine, Thérèse. "Le Vocabulaire de l'embarras d'argent dans La Détresse et l'enchantement de Gabrielle Roy." Héritage et avenir des francophones de l'Ouest; les actes du cinquième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège St-Thomas More, Université de la Saskatchewan le 18 et 19 octobre 1985. Eds. Monique Genuist, et al. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest, 1986. 53-63.

Comparison of the words of Rose-Anna in Bonheur d'occasion and Gabrielle Roy's mother in La Détresse et l'enchantement regarding the problems of debts and a constant shortage of cash. Paper presented at the annual colloquium of the Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest published with the collaboration of the Collège St-Thomas More, Université de la Saskatchewan.

Lamarre, Sylvie. "Être ou ne pas être femme: là est la question de la femme qui crée dans La Montagne secrète de Gabrielle Roy." Francophonies d'Amérique 7 (1997): 31-42.

Lamarre, Sylvie. "Le secret de La Montagne secrète: une quête de la mère." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 8.2 (1996): 181-99.

A psychoanalytical and feminist reading links La Montagne secrète to Roy's other works. Previously viewed as an anomaly among Roy's writings because of its male protagonist and near-absence of female characters and family units, the novel is seen here as being written from a woman's perspective.

LaMontagne, Léopold, ed. Visages de la civilisation au Canada français, études rassemblées par la Société royale du Canada. [Toronto]: University of Toronto Press; [Québec]: Les Presses de l'Université Laval, [1970].

One paragraph is devoted to Roy in the chapter, "Le Roman."

Lanctot, Gustave. "Discours de présentation de Mlle Gabrielle Roy à la Société royale par M. Gustave Lanctot, le 27 septembre 1947, à la salle de l'Ermitage." Action universitaire (jan. 1948): 174-79.

Land, Hilligje van't. "Analyse sociosémiotique des espaces romanesques dans Bonheur d'occasion." Bonheur d'occasion au pluriel: lectures et approches critiques. Ed. Marie-Andrée Beaudet. (Collection Séminaires, 10) Québec: Éditions Nota bene, 1999. 101-38.

Land, Hilligje van't. "Gabrielle Roy, Fragiles lumières de la terre." Etudes canadiennes 40 (1996): 127-28.

La Rocque, Gilbert. "Marie-Anna A. Roy; les dernières écritures." Québec/Amérique; magazine d'information 2.3 (1980): 38-39.

An interview with Gabrielle Roy's sister, aged 84. Marie-Anna Adèle Roy was an author of novels and historical works. Ever hopeful, she continued to write, and although she succeeded in having some of her works published, they never achieved a level of recognition approaching that of her younger sister, Gabrielle.

Larouche, Irma. "Présentation du Fonds Gabrielle Roy." Études Littéraires 17.3 (hiver 1984): 589-93.

Larouche, Michel. "«Le Vieillard et l'enfant» de Gabrielle Roy: de la nouvelle au film." Littérature et cinéma du Québec: Atti del Convegno di Bologna 18-21 maggio 1995. Eds. Gilles Dupuis, Carla Fratta, and Mignon Riopel. (Africa, America, Asia, Australia; 20) Roma: Bulzoni Editore, 1997. 37-48.

Discusses the 1985 film version of «Le Vieillard et l'enfant», a story from La Route d'Altamont in which the child narrator accompanies a kindly old man on a trip to Lake Winnipeg. In the Fonds Gabrielle Roy at the National Library of Canada in Ottawa Larouche found three versions of a scenario that Gabrielle Roy had prepared in the 1960s for a projected film that wasn't made. He compares and contrasts the story and scenarios by Roy with the scenario written by Clément Perron for the 1985 film directed by Claude Grenier. This paper was presented at a conference held in 1995 in Bologna, Italy and sponsored by the Centro di studi quebecchesi dell'Universit`a di Bologna and the Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, Gruppo di studio delle culture letterarie dei paesi anglofoni francofoni e iberofoni.

LaRue, Monique, and Jean-François Chassay. Promenades littéraires dans Montréal. Montréal: Éditions Québec/Amérique, 1989.

Focuses on the city of Montreal and literary works set there. Mentions Roy's two Montreal novels: Bonheur d'occasion and Alexandre Chenevert.

Lauzière, A.-E. "Coups de sonde dans le roman canadien." Revue de l'Université d'Ottawa (juillet-sept. 1956): 306-16.

Lavorel, Guy. "Conversion et pluralité: le parcours initiatique de La Petite poule d'eau." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 83-93.

Analyses Luzina Toussignant's process of initiation in terms of three principal factors: multiplicity, obligatory conversion, and the consciousness that leads to self-discovery.

Léard, Jean-Marcel. "Du sémantique au sémiotique en littérature: la modernité romanesque au Québec." Etudes littéraires 14.1 (avril 1981): 17-66.

Bonheur d'occasion is among the works examined in this study of the movement toward modernity in Quebec novels

Leclaire, Jacques. "Romans canadiens en anglais et en francais: autour du volontarisme." Etudes Canadiennes/Canadian Studies: Revue Interdisciplinaire des Etudes Canadiennes en France 32 (juin 1992): 81-95.

Lecomte, Guy. "La Petite poule d'eau: élection et exclusion, l'innocence problématique." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 95-106.

Discusses reality vs. fiction as portrayed in La Petite poule d'eau. Inspired by Roy's summer teaching experience in a remote area of Manitoba, the fictional work transforms the place into an earthly paradise and the characters into people that Roy would have liked to meet there.

Lefaivre, Paula. "Tribute to Gabrielle Roy." Red Deer Advocate 6 August 1983: [pagination unavailable].

Article on the death of Gabrielle Roy. Includes a description of some of her works.

Lefrançois, Isabelle. "Gabrielle Roy à livres ouverts [entrevue imaginaire]." Le Bulletin des agriculteurs 66 (sept. 1983): 111-12, 116.

A tribute to Gabrielle Roy following her death. Provides an overview of her fictional works and a brief history of her work as a journalist for the Bulletin des agriculteurs, a periodical for which Roy researched and wrote human interest articles in the early 1940's.

Legal, Julie Janine Marie "Les métaphores de l'écrivain et de l'écriture chez Gabrielle Roy." M.A. thesis. University of Manitoba (Canada), 2000.

Légaré, Céline. "Gabrielle Roy, romancière de l'espoir et de la détresse." Le Soleil 7 octobre 1972: [pagination unavailable].

Discusses the life and works of Gabrielle Roy.

Légaré, Romain. "Le Prêtre dans le roman canadien-français." Culture; revue trimestrielle 24.1 (mars 1963): 3-12.

Examines fictional works of some 20 French-Canadian authors in which one of the characters is a priest. Légaré observes that although Bonheur d'occasion doesn't have a priest as a character, Roy created likeable priests in La Petite poule d'eau and in Alexandre Chenevert. Reprinted in: Le Roman canadien-français: évolution, témoignages, bibliographie. Ed. Paul Wyczynski, et al. 2e éd. (Archives des lettres canadiennes; 3) Montréal: Fides, 1971. 165-81.

LeGrand, Albert. "Gabrielle Roy ou L'être partagé." Études françaises 1.2 (juin 1965): 39-65.

Lemire, Maurice. "Bonheur d'occasion, ou le salut par la guerre." Recherches Sociographiques 10 (1969): 23-35.

Lemire, Maurice, et al, eds. Dictionnaire des oeuvres littéraires du Québec. 2e éd. Montréal: Fides, 1980-1994.

T. 1. Des origines à 1900; T. 2. 1900-1939; T. 3. 1940-1959; T. 4. 1960-1969; T. 5. 1970-1975; T. 6. 1976-1980. In the dictionary, the articles on Roy's major works are entered individually under their titles. In this bibliography, each of the articles is entered separately under the name of the author who wrote the article for the dictionary: Gérard Bessette and Annie Montaut (Alexandre Chenevert); Marguerite Courchesne (Ces enfants de ma vie); Antoine Sirois (Bonheur d'occasion; La Rivière sans repos; and La Route d'Altamont); Hélène Marcotte and Vincent Schonberger (Cet été qui chantait); Paul Socken (Fragiles lumières de la terre); Jean-Guy Hudon (Un Jardin au bout du monde), François Ricard (La Montagne secrète, La Petite poule d'eau, and La Route d'Altamont).

Lennox, John. "Metaphors of Self: La Détresse et l'enchantement." Reflections: Autobiography and Canadian Literature. Ed. K.P. Stich. (Reappraisals, Canadian Writers, 14) Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1988. 69-78.

Lent, Peter van. "Absence and Departure: The Male Mystique in French-Canadian Literature before 1950." American Review of Canadian Studies 16.1 (1986): 17-23.

Studies male characters in Maria Chapdelaine, Le Survenant, and Bonheur d'occasion.Finds that the male characters "cast their spell and then disappear" while the female characters are "tangible, authentic human beings" who are forced by the "mystical, unreal men to struggle with life, and the women rise to the occasion."

Levasseur, Jean. "La Quête des racines par l'exil: étude comparée de De quoi t'ennuies-tu Éveline? (196...) de Gabrielle Roy et Volkswagen blues (1984) de Jacques Poulain." Un Pays, une voix, Gabrielle Roy; colloque des 13 et 14 mai 1987. Ed. Marie-Lyne Piccione. ([Publications de la M.S.H.A., 146]) [Talence, France]: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine, [1991]. 37-46.

Compares and contrasts the personalities, actions, and motivations of the main characters in the novels by Roy and Poulain. Roy's Éveline and Poulain's Jack both travel from Canada to California in search of a brother.

Lever, Yves. "Bonheur d'occasion: Gabrielle Roy aurait aimé." Relations 43 (oct. 1983): 276-77.

An appraisal of the film version of Bonheur d'occasion.

Lévesque, Lia. "Gabrielle Roy: refaire ce qui a été quitté." Le Devoir 15 juillet 1983: [pagination unavailable].

Overview of the career and works of Gabrielle Roy on the occasion of her death.

Lewis, Paula Gilbert (See also: Gilbert, Paula Ruth)

Lewis, Paula Gilbert. "La Dernière des grandes conteuses: une conversation avec Gabrielle Roy." Études Littéraires 17.3 (hiver 1984): 563-76.

Describes a six hour meeting with Roy on June 29, 1981 during which Roy spoke frankly about literature, her life, her works, and the political situation in Quebec with regard to the separatist movement. (Note: In a 1981 English language version of this article the date is stated as June 29, 1980.)

Lewis, Paula Gilbert. "Female Spirals and Male Cages: The Urban Sphere in the Novels of Gabrielle Roy." Traditionalism, Nationalism, and Feminism: Women Writers of Quebec. Ed. Paula Gilbert Lewis. (Contributions in Women's Studies, 53) Westport, CT; London, England: Greenwood Press, 1985. 71-81.

Lewis, Paula Gilbert. "Feminism and Traditionalism in the Early Short Stories of Gabrielle Roy." Traditionalism, Nationalism, and Feminism: Women Writers of Quebec. Ed. Paula Gilbert Lewis. (Contributions in Women's Studies, 53) Westport, CT; London, England: Greenwood Press, 1985. 27-35.

Finds that almost all of Roy's early fiction (1938-1945) revolves around some aspect of a woman's life. Examines the characters and themes in relation to Roy's later, major fiction. Concludes that Roy was deeply preoccupied with the concerns of women, an indication of her feminist consciousness.

Lewis, Paula Gilbert. "The Fragility of Childhood: Gabrielle Roy's Ces enfants de ma vie." American Review of Canadian Studies 9.2 (Autumn 1979): 148-53.

A review essay.

Lewis, Paula Gilbert. "Gabrielle Roy and Emile Zola: French Naturalism in Quebec." Modern Language Studies 11 (Fall 1981): 44-50.

Examines characters in La Route d'Altamont, Un Jardin au bout du monde, Bonheur d'occasion, Alexandre Chenevert, La Petite poule d'eau, Ces enfants de ma vie, Rue Deschambault, La Montagne secrète, Cet été qui chantait, and La Rivière sans repos. Maintains that Roy's literary universe, like that of Zola, contains a powerful sense of determinism or fatality.

Lewis, Paula Gilbert. "Gabrielle Roy, 1909-1983." American Review of Canadian Studies 13.2 (Summer 1983): vi.

A brief tribute to Roy on the occasion of her death.

Lewis, Paula Gilbert. "The Incessant Call of the Open Road: Gabrielle Roy's Incorrigible Nomads." The French Review 53.6 (May 1980): 816-25.

Discusses the trait of Roy's characters to travel in Alexandre Chenevert, La Route d'Altamont, Un Jardin au bout du monde, Bonheur d'occasion, La Petite poule d'eau, Ces enfants de ma vie, Rue Deschambault, La Montagne secrète, Cet été qui chantait, and La Rivière sans repos.

Lewis, Paula Gilbert. " The Last of the Great Storytellers: A Visit with Gabrielle Roy." The French Review: Journal of the American Association of Teachers of French 55.2 (Dec. 1981): 207-15.

Describes a six hour interview with Roy on June 29, 1980 during which the novelist discussed literature, politics, and her feelings about her life and work. (A 1984 French language version of this article states that the date of this interview was June 29, 1981.)

Lewis, Paula Gilbert. The Literary Vision of Gabrielle Roy: An Analysis of her Works. Birmingham, AL: Summa Publications, 1984.

The author designation in a 1993 reprint of this book is " Paula Ruth Gilbert (formerly Paula Gilbert Lewis)."

Lewis, Paula Gilbert. "The Resignation of Old Age, Sickness, and Death in the Fiction of Gabrielle Roy." The American Review of Canadian Studies 11.2 (Autumn 1981): 49-66.

Finds that Roy consistently shows elderly characters as sad and isolated, but proud. Lewis identifies numerous characters, both young and old, who are ill. Discusses Roy's symbols for death and the two cyclical categories into which they fall: those related to nature and those related to the notion of travel. Major works studied in this paper include: La Route d'Altamont, La Rivière sans repos, Ces enfants de ma vie, Cet été qui chantait, Alexandre Chenevert, Bonheur d'occasion, Un Jardin au bout du monde, Rue Deschambault, and La Montagne secrète.

Lewis, Paula Gilbert. "Street of Riches and The Road Past Altamont: The Feminine World of Gabrielle Roy." Journal of Women's Studies in Literature 1.2 (Spring 1979): 133-41.

Lewis, Paula Gilbert. "The Themes of Memory and Death in Gabrielle Roy's La Route d'Altamont." Modern Fiction Studies 22.3 (Autumn 1976): 457-66.

Lewis, Paula Gilbert, ed. Traditionalism, Nationalism, and Feminism; Women Writers of Quebec. Ed. Paula Gilbert Lewis. (Contributions in Women's Studies, 53) Westport, CT; London, England: Greenwood Press, 1985.

Includes two chapters on Roy written by Lewis and entered above: "Feminism and Traditionalism in the Early Short Stories of Gabrielle Roy" and "Female Spirals and Male Cages: The Urban Sphere in the Novels of Gabrielle Roy."

Lewis, Paula Gilbert. "Tragic and Humanistic Visions of the Future: The Fictional World of Gabrielle Roy." Quebec Studies 1 (Spring 1983): 234-45.

Discusses the duality between a tragic realism and a humanistic idealism in every aspect of Roy's fiction. Focuses principally on La Petite poule d'eau.

Lewis, Paula Gilbert. "Trois générations de femmes: le reflet mère-fille dans quelques nouvelles de Gabrielle Roy." Voix & Images 10.3 (printemps 1985): 165-76.

Analyzes grandmother, mother, and daughter characters and their relationships with one another in Bonheur d'occasion, Rue Deschambault, and La Route d'Altamont.

Lewis, Paula Gilbert. "Unsuccessful Couples, Shameful Sex, and Infrequent Love in the Fictional World of Gabrielle Roy." The Antigonish Review 48 (Winter 1982): 49-55.

Studies examples of couples in Roy's novels and short story collections. The Lacasses, the Cheneverts, and the Toussignants demonstrate that opposite sex relationships are either unsatisfactory or doomed in Roy's fictional world.

L'Hérault, Pierre. "Figurations spatiales de l'altérité chez Antonio D'Alfonso, Gabrielle Roy et Jacques Ferron." Protée 22.1 (hiver 1994): 45-52.

L'Hérault, Pierre. "Pour une cartographie de l'hétérogène: dérives identitaires des années 1980." Fictions d'identitaire au Québec. Eds. Sherry Simon, et al. (Études et documents) Montréal: XYZ éditeur, 1991. 53-[114?]

L'Hérault, Pierre. "Le récit maternel acadien, principe organisateur du temps et de l'espace, ou Bonheur d'occasion lu à la lumière de La Détresse et l'enchantement." L'Espace-temps dans la littérature. Ed. Maïr Verthuy. Victoria, [Canada]: University of Victoria, 1989. 53-75.

Livres et auteurs québécois, 1977; revue critique de l'année littéraire. Québec, Presses de l'Université Laval, 1978.

Livesay, Dorothy. "Two Women Writers: Anglophone and Francophone." Language and Literature in Multicultural Contexts. Ed. Satendra Nandan. Suva, Fiji: University of the South Pacific and The Association for Commonwealth Language and Literature Studies (ACLALS), 1983. 234-39.

Paper presented at the Fifth Triennial Conference of ACLALS. Examines La Rivière sans repos and Ces enfants de ma vie by Roy and two works by Margaret Laurence.

Lombard, Bertrand. "Le prix Fémina à Bonheur d'occasion," La Revue de l'université Laval 2.5 (jan. 1948): 441-43.

In the column, "Criblage. Pour vos lectures du soir," discusses the novel and its reception in France.

Lombard, Bertrand. "La Route d'Altamont." La Revue de l'université Laval 21.2 (oct. 1966): 196-98.

Review article.

Lord, Marie-Linda. "Dans La Détresse et l'enchantement de Gabrielle Roy, la chambre est un espace d'intégration psychique." Francophonies d'Amérique 4 (1994): 97-105.

Lord, Michel, and André Carpentier, eds. La nouvelle québécoise au XXe siècle: de la tradition à l'innovation. (Cahiers du Centre de Recherche en littérature québécoise, 19) Québec: Nuit blanche, 1997.

MacDonell, Alan. "La Métaphore du paysage chez Gabrielle Roy." La Production culturelle en milieu minoritaire; les actes du treizième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface les 14, 15, et 16 octobre 1993. Eds. André Fauchon, et al. Winnipeg, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1994. 321-29.

MacDonell, Alan. "La Métaphore narrative: «L'alouette» de Gabrielle Roy." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 487-95.

McPherson, Hugo. "First and Last Things." Canadian Literature 32 (Spring 1967): 59-60.

Review of The Road Past Altamont.

McPherson, Hugo. "The Garden and the Cage; the Achievement of Gabrielle Roy." Canadian Literature 1 (Summer 1959): 46-57.

Examines Roy's work in light of the contrast between the forces of the city, symbolized by the teller's cage in Alexandre Chenevert and the values of the rural world (the garden) that represent childhood, innocence, and the past. Focuses primarily on Bonheur d'occasion and Alexandre Chenevert. Reprinted in Gabrielle Roy. (Dossiers de documentation sur la littérature canadienne-française) Eds. Roland M. Charland and Jean-Noël Samson. Montréal: Fides, [1967]. 13-20.

Madigan, M. Kathleen. "Uncommon Ground in Gabrielle Roy's Un Jardin au bout du monde." Women in French Studies 5 (Winter 1997): 69-76.

Maindron, André. "Père et fille." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 641-52.

Discusses fathers and daughters in La Route d'Altamont, Un Jardin au bout du monde, La Petite poule d'eau, De quoi t'ennuies-tu, Éveline?, La Détresse et l'enchantement, Rue Deschambault, La Montagne secrète, Cet été qui chantait, and La Rivière sans repos.

Maindron, André. "Quand donc ai-je pris conscience(...)?" Un pays, une voix, Gabrielle Roy; colloque des 13 et 14 mai 1987. Ed. Marie-Lyne Piccione. ([Publications de la M.S.H.A., 146]) [Talence, France]: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine, [1991]. 11-19.

Analyzes the significance of the beginning of La Détresse et l'enchantement, Roy's autobiography, in which Roy wonders when she first realized that to be francophone in Canada was to be viewed as somehow inferior. He compares Roy's incipit with those of several other writers' autobiographical works. Colloquium sponsored by the Centre d'études canadiennes de l'Université de Michel de Montaigne-Bordeaux III.

Major, Jean-Louis. "Mémoire, création/clichés. Fragiles lumières de ma ville de Gabrielle Roy et Une mémoire déchirée de Thérèse Renaud." Lettres Québécoises 12 (nov.1978): 34-36.

A review of and general commentary about Roy, Bonheur d'occasion, and her work in general.

Major, Jean-Louis. "Pour une lecture du roman québécois." Revue d'esthétique 3 (1969): 251-61.

Roy is mentioned, but is not a major focus of this piece on the Quebec novel.

Makward, Christiane and Odile Cazenave. "The Others' Others: 'Francophone' Women and Writing." Yale French Studies 75 (1988): 190-207.

Malette, Yvon. L'Autoportrait mythique de Gabrielle Roy: analyse genettienne de La Montagne secrète de Gabrielle Roy. Orléans, [Canada]: Les Éditions David, 1994.

Analyzes the narrative technique of La Montagne secrète according to a system developed by Gérard Genette. Includes an extensive bibliography that provides citations of theses and book reviews as well as articles and books related to La Montagne secrète, p.272-89.

Mane, Robert. "Florentine Lacasse va au restaurant: fards et miroirs dans Bonheur d'occasion." Rivista di Studi Canadesi/Canadian Studies Review/Revue d'études canadiennes 9 (1996): 101-10.

Manitoba Culture, Heritage and Citizenship. Gabrielle Roy: The Manitoba years/Gabrielle Roy: sa vie au Manitoba. [Winnipeg] : Manitoba Culture, Heritage and Citizenship, 1991.

A brief biographical sketch in English and French. Includes some photographs of the Roy family.

Marazza, Camillo. "De la détresse à l'enchantement: notes sur l'autobiographie de Gabrielle Roy." Francofonia: Studi e Ricerche Sulle Letterature di Lingua Francese 22 (Spring 1992): 121-29.

Summarizes and discusses Roy's autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement.

Marchessault, Jovette. La saga des poules mouillées. (Théâtre) Montréal: Éditions de la Pleine lune, 1981.

Feminist play in which Gabrielle Roy is one of the characters.

Marcotte, Gilles. "Bonheur d'occasion et le «grand réalisme»."Voix & Images 14.3/42 (printemps 1989): 408-13.

Discusses the concept of realism, which can have several meanings, even contradictory ones. Focusing primarily on the definition of "le grand réalisme" of the Hungarian critic Georg Lukács, compares and contrasts the realism of Bonheur d'occasion with that of Balzac's Illusions perdues.

Marcotte, Gilles. Les Bonnes rencontres; chroniques littéraires. (Collection Reconnaissances) Montréal: Hurtubise HMH, [1971].

Includes a chapter on Roy, "Gabrielle Roy; dialogue avec son enfance," which focuses on La Route d'Altamont.

Marcotte, Gilles. "En relisant Bonheur d'occasion." L'Action nationale 35.3 (mars [1950]): 197-206.

Discusses la misère in Bonheur d'occasion.

Marcotte, Gilles. "La Littérature canadienne française d'aujourd'hui." Le Français dans le Monde 101 (déc. 1973): 6-10.

In this overview of French-Canadian literature, Roy is recognized as one of the four most important French-Canadian novelists of her time.

Marcotte, Gilles. Une Littérature qui se fait; essais critiques sur la littérature canadienne-française. Montréal: Éditions HMH, 1968.

Roy is mentioned in the first chapter, "Brève histoire du roman canadien-français," but is not one of the authors specifically targeted in this work.

Marcotte, Gilles, ed. Présence de la critique; critique et littérature contemporaines au Canada français. Montréal: Hurtubise HMH, c1966, 1971.

A collection of reprints of critical reviews from newspapers and journals written by selected individuals. Includes pieces by Roger Duhamel on Bonheur d'occasion and Alexandre Chenevert.

Marcotte, Gilles. "«Restons traditionnels et progressifs», disait Onésime Gagnon." Études françaises 33.3 (hiver 1997-98): 5-13.

Discusses Bonheur d'occasion by Roy and Le Survenant by Germaine Guèvremont.

Marcotte, Gilles. "Le Roman de 1960 à 1985." Le Roman contemporain au Québec (1960-1985). Eds. François Gallays, Sylvain Simard, and Robert Vigneault. (Archives des lettres canadiennes, 8) Montréal: Fides, 1992.

Roy is discussed on page 34.

Marcotte, Gilles. "Rose-Anna retrouvée." L'Action nationale 27.1 (jan. 1951): 50-52.

Brief criticism of La Petite poule d'eau. Compares and contrasts the characters of Rose-Anna Lacasse from Bonheur d'occasion and Luzina Toussignant from La Petite poule d'eau.

Marcotte, Gilles. "Le Testament de Gabrielle Roy." Actualité 9 (sept. 1984): 127.

Proposes that Ely! Ely! Ely! and De quoi t'ennuies-tu, Éveline? are Roy's best works and masterpieces of their genre.

Marcotte, Hélène, and Vincent Schonberger. "Cet Eté qui chantait, recueil de récits de Gabrielle Roy." Dictionnaire des oeuvres littéraires du Québec. Tome 5, 1970-1975. Eds. Maurice Lemire, et al. Montréal: Fides, 1987. 122-24.

Includes a review of the work, a list of editions, and a bibliography of relevant publications.

Marcotte, Sophie. "Gabrielle Roy's Correspondence: An Epistolary Autobiography?" Philological Papers 46 (2000): 56-63.

Points out that the relationship between the autobiographical and epistolary genres has never before been studied by Roy scholars. Roy's published autobiography covers the period prior to 1947, the year that she married. Marcotte offers the hypothesis and provides evidence that Roy's letters to her husband, Marcel Carbotte, represent a kind of continuation of her autobiography.

Marcotte, Sophie. "«Mon cher grand fou ...», Dialogue et/ou monologue amoureux dans les lettres de Gabrielle Roy à Marcel Carbotte (1947-1950)." Études françaises 33.3 (hiver 1997-98): 93-102.

Marcotte, Sophie. "Les Origines intimes de l'écriture chez Gabrielle Roy." Littératures 17 (1998): 157-77.

Marcotte, Sophie. "Quatre lettres inédites de Gabrielle Roy." Études françaises 33.3 (hiver 1997-98): 85-92.

Presents four previously unpublished letters written by Roy to her husband, Marcel Carbotte. Marcotte selected them to represent trips Roy took between 1947 and 1949 to Kenora, Geneva, Concarneau, and Upshire. The originals are part of the Fonds Gabrielle Roy held by the National Library of Canada in Ottawa.

Marmier, Jean. "Trois étapes d'une découverte: Bonheur d'occasion, Marie-Claire Blais et Réjean Ducharme, Antonine Maillet." Lectures européennes de la littérature québécoise. Actes du colloque international de Montréal (avril 1981). [Montréal]: Leméac, 1982. 108-33.

In discussing the "discovery" by the continental French of French-Canadian literature in the post-World War II era, this paper traces the evolution of québécois literature. Several pages are devoted to Bonheur d'occasion.

Marshall, Joyce. "Gabrielle Roy 1909-1983." The Antigonish Review 55 (Autumn 1983): 35-46.

Marshall's reminiscences of a twenty-year relationship with Roy as friend and translator of some of Roy's works. Discusses certain aspects of Roy's works as well as her life and personality.

Marshall, Joyce. "Gabrielle Roy 1909-1983; Some Reminiscences." Canadian Literature 101 (Summer 1984): 183-84.

Fond memories of Roy are expressed by her translator and longtime friend.

Marshall, Joyce. "The Writer as Translator: A Personal View." Canadian Literature 117 (Summer 1988): 25-29.

A writer of fiction herself, Marshall describes the benefits, disadvantages, and discoveries of translating the works of another writer of fiction, Gabrielle Roy.

Marsland, Elizabeth. "La Chaîne Tenue. Roads & Railways in the Prairie Novel." Canadian Literature 77 (Summer 1978): 64-72.

Examines references to roads and railroads in several novels set on the western prairie of Canada. Comments on two of Roy's works: La Petite poule d'eau and La Route d'Altamont.

Martiny, Michel. "Le «Regard» du peintre Jean-Paul Lemieux sur La Petite poule d'eau de Gabrielle Roy." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 669-702.

Mathis, Ursula. "La Réception de l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy dans les pays de langue allemande." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 541-62.

May, Cedric. Breaking the Silence: the Literature of Québec. Birmingham: Regional Canadian Studies Centre, University of Birmingham, 1981.

Roy and her works are briefly discussed in Appendix I, "French-Canadian Writers [born] Outside Quebec," as well as elsewhere in the book.

May, Cedric. "Des Fleurs tenaces dans un désert à peupler; Gabrielle Roy et le thème du jardin." Un Pays, une voix, Gabrielle Roy; colloque des 13 et 14 mai 1987. Ed. Marie-Lyne Piccione. ([Publications de la M.S.H.A., 146]) [Talence, France]: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine, [1991]. 95-105.

Principal focus is on Bonheur d'occasion where the word jardin doesn't appear at all. Also examines passages from La Petite poule d'eau, La détresse et l'enchantement, Un Jardin au bout du monde, Alexandre Chenevert, and Cet été qui chantait. Colloquium sponsored by the Centre d'études canadiennes de l'Université de Michel de Montaigne-Bordeaux III.

May, Cédric. "The Flickering Lights of Planet Earth; the Presentation of Manitoba in the Work of Gabrielle Roy." Bulletin of Canadian Studies 5.2 (1981): 38-47.

Mead, Gerald. "The Representation of Solitude in Bonheur d'occasion." Quebec Studies 7 (1988): 116-36.

Signals and illustrates the dominant place of solitude in Roy's first novel, Bonheur d'occasion.

Meadwell, Kenneth W. "Gabrielle Roy." Magill's Survey of World Literature. Vol. 5. Ed. Frank N. Magill. New York; London; Toronto; Sydney; Singapore: Marshall Cavendish, 1993. 1656-64.

Includes biographical information, an analysis of the major characteristics of Roy's work, commentary on The Tin Flute and Street of Riches, and a bibliography of books about Roy and her literary output.

Meadwell, Kenneth. "Montagne et désir dans le roman québécois de Laure Conan à Gilbert La Rocque." Etudes Canadiennes/Canadian Studies: Revue Interdisciplinaire des Etudes Canadiennes en France 31 (déc. 1991): 73-80.

Discusses symbolic use of mountains in the Quebec novel. Points out that in Bonheur d'occasion, Westmount symbolizes the social and professional advancement to which Jean Lévesque aspires.

Meda, Marie-Paule [Y. A.]. "L'Imagination comme déplacement chez Gabrielle Roy." Selecta; Journal of the PNCFL, Pacific Northwest Council on Foreign Languages 14 (1993): 39-43.

Discusses travel in La Détresse et l'enchantement.

Meda, Marie-Paule [Y. A.]. "La Mise en scène du souvenir dans La Détresse et l'enchantement." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 169-80.

Melançon, Carole. "Evolution de la réception de Bonheur d'occasion de 1945 à 1983 au Canada français." Études Littéraires 17.3 (hiver 1984): 457-68.

Survey of 300 critical articles on Bonheur d'occasion. Traces the changes in critical comment over a period of almost 40 years.

Ménard, Jean. La vie littéraire au Canada français. (Cahiers du Centre de Recherche en Civilisation canadienne-française, 5) Ottawa: Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1971.

Discusses Roy and La Montagne secrète in Chapter 2, "Romans,".

Milletich, Maria. "Gabrielle Roy." Kindlers Neues Literatur Lexikon Band 14. Eds. Walter Jens and Rudolf Radler. München: Kindler Verlag GmbH, 1991. 408-10.

Provides a brief discussion of Bonheur d'occasion and Ces enfants de ma vie.

Milot, Louise, and Fernand Roy, eds. Les Figures de l'écrit; relecture de romans québécois des Habits Rouges aux Filles de Caleb. Québec, [Canada]: Nuit Blanche Editeur, 1993.

Includes a paper on Roy by Cécilia Wiktorowicz, which is entered under Wiktorowicz in this bibliography.

Mitcham, Allison. "Flight; A Comparative Ecological Study Based on Contemporary French and English-Canadian Fiction." La Revue de l'Université de Moncton 6.2 (mai 1973): 86-105.

Discusses the theme of flight in Canadian literature; finds that the instability of the physical and social environment partially accounts for the frequency with which this theme is explored. Devotes a few paragraphs to Alexandre Chenevert and mentions La Montagne secrète and La Rivière sans repos.

Mitcham, Allison. "Gabrielle Roy's Children." Antigonish Review [36?] (1979): 95-99.

Focuses primarily on the character of Médéric of "De la truite dans l'eau glacée" from Ces enfants de ma vie. Reprinted in The Literary Achievement of Gabrielle Roy, Chapter 3, "Roy's Children", p. 20-23.

Mitcham, Allison."Imagination and the Capacity to Dream: A Study in Contemporary Canadian Fiction."La Revue de l'Université de Moncton 6.3 (Sept. 1973): 75-80.

Mitcham. Allison. "The Isolation of Protesting Individuals Who Belong to Minority Groups: A Comparative Study in Contemporary Canadian Fiction." Wascana Review 7.1 (1972): 43-50.

Elsa, from La Rivière sans repos, is discussed in this study of characters who are not only excluded from mainstream Canadian society because they are members of minority groups, but who also reject their own racial, ethnic, or religious identity and thus experience double isolation.

Mitcham, Allison. The Literary Achievement of Gabrielle Roy. Fredericton, Canada: York Press, 1983.

Aims to show that Roy belongs to the mainstream of 20th century literature. Observes parallels between certain aspects of her work and the work of other writers, both contemporaries and predecessors. Roy's works set in the Canadian West focus on the plight of the immigrant, of the isolation and oppression of women, and of the dominance and power of nature. Includes previously published material.

Mitcham, Allison. The Northern Imagination; A Study of Northern Canadian Literature. Moonbeam, Ont. [Canada]: Penumbra Press, 1983.

Finds that all of Roy's central and most moving characters are essentially innocents. Discusses such characters in several of Roy's novels, focusing principally on Elsa in La Rivière sans repos. Chapter 8, p. 75-82, is a revised version of "The Northern Innocent in the Fiction of Gabrielle Roy," which was published in The Humanities Association Review 24 (1973): 25-31.

Mitcham, Allison. "The Northern Innocent in the Fiction of Gabrielle Roy." The Humanities Association Review 24 (1973): 25-31.

Finds that all of Roy's central and most moving characters are essentially innocents. Discusses such characters in several of Roy's novels, focusing principally on the character, Elsa, in La Rivière sans repos.

Mitcham, Allison. "Northern Utopia." Canadian Literature/Littérature Canadienne 63 (Winter 1975): 35-39.

Discusses Canadian novels that take place in the northern wilderness, "a land where dreams can be pursued and sometimes fulfilled [by individuals] with extraordinary strength of body and of spirit," such as Pierre Cadorai in La Montagne secrète. Mitcham calls this "the dominant Canadian myth." She suggests that the rape of Elsa by an American G.I. in La Rivière sans repos seems to be symbolic of disruptive southern invasions of the utopian North.

Mitcham, Allison. "Roy's West." Canadian Literature/Littérature Canadian 88 (Spring 1981): 161-63.

Studies Roy's works set in Manitoba, emphasizing Un Jardin au bout du monde and Ces enfants de ma vie. Compares and contrasts her writings with those of several of her contemporaries including Antoine de Saint-Exupéry.

Mocquais, Pierre-Yves. L'Ouest canadien et l'Amérique française; les actes du huitième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Centre D'études Bilingues Université de Regina les 21 et 22 octobre 1988. Regina, [Canada]: Centre D'études Bilingues, Université de Regina, 1990.

Papers about Roy from this colloquium by M. Genuist and M. Kapetanovitch are entered under their individual names in this bibliography.

Mocquais, Pierre-Yves. "La Prairie et son traitement dans les oeuvres de Gabrielle Roy et de Sinclair Ross." La Langue, la culture et la société des francophones de l'Ouest; les actes du troisième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Centre D'Études Bilingues, Université de Regina les 25 et 26 novembre 1983. Eds. Pierre-Yves Mocquais, André Lalonde, and Bernard Wilhelm. Regina, [Canada]: Institut de Recherche du Centre D'Études Bilingues, The University of Regina, 1984. 151-67.

Mocquais, Pierre-Yves. "Structuration sémantique dans l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy: l'exemple des lexèmes prairie et plaine." Portes de communication; études discursives et sylistiques de l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy. Eds. Claude Romney and Estelle Dansereau. [Sainte-Foy, Canada]: Presses de l'Université Laval, 1995. 175-92.

Major works studied in this paper include: La Route d'Altamont, Fragiles lumières de la terre, Ma chère petite soeur: lettres à Bernadette, 1943-1970, Un Jardin au bout du monde, La Petite poule d'eau, Rue Deschambault, and La Montagne secrète.

Mocquais, Pierre-Yves, André Lalonde, and Bernard Wilhelm, eds. La Langue, la culture et la société des francophones de l'Ouest; les actes du troisième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Centre D'Études Bilingues, Université de Regina les 25 et 26 novembre 1983. Regina, [Canada]: Institut de Recherche du Centre D'Études Bilingues, The University of Regina, 1984.

Includes a paper by Mocquais, entered above.

Moisan, Clément. L'Age de la littérature canadienne: essai. (Collection Constantes, 19) Montréal: Éditions HMH, 1969.

Roy is briefly mentioned, but her works are not studied in this book.

Moisan, Clément. Comparaison et raison; essai sur l'histoire et l'institution des littératures canadienne et québécoise. La Salle, [Canada]: Éditions Hurtubise HMH, 1986.

Less than one page is devoted to a discussion of Roy's body of work. Only Bonheur d'occasion and Alexandre Chenevert are mentioned.

"Montréal et ses romanciers." La Presse 3 avril 1965: 9.

Discusses the city of Montréal as the site of novels, focusing on Bonheur d'occasion.

Montreuil, Sophie. "Petite histoire de la nouvelle «Un jardin au bout du monde» de Gabrielle Roy." Voix & Images 23.2/[68?] (hiver 1998): 360-81.

Morency, Jean. "Les Chemins perdus: figurations de la vie, de la mort et de la renaissance chez Washington Irving, Alejo Carpentier et Gabrielle Roy." Urgences 34 (1991): 75-87.

Morency, Jean. "Deux visions de l'Amérique." Études françaises 33.3 (hiver 1997-98): 67-77.

Morency, Jean. Un roman du regard: La Montagne secrète de Gabrielle Roy. (Collection "Essais," 3) Québec: Centre de recherche en littérature québécoise (CRELIQ), Université Laval, 1985.

A study of the action of looking in this novel, i.e. every aspect of the visual world including the images seen by the eye, the symbols of vision, and the myths of seeing.

Morency, Jean, and James de Finney. "La Représentation de l'espace dans les oeuvres de Gabrielle Roy et d'Antonine Maillet." Francophonies d'Amérique 8 (1998): 5-22.

Morisset, Jean. "Entre la détresse et le déchirement. Nature et signification de l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy." La Langue, la culture et la société des francophones de l'Ouest; les actes du quatrième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface les 23 et 24 novembre 1984. Eds. Annette Saint-Pierre and Liliane Rodriguez. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest, Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface, 1985. 235-51.

An interview with Miodrag Kapetanovich and Paul Dubé in Saint-Boniface, Manitoba on November 24, 1984 in which the three participants discussed the nature and the significance of the body of work of Gabrielle Roy.

Moss, Jane Byers. "Pathological Images in the Quebec Novel." American Review of Canadian Studies 10.1 (1980): 39-47.

Discusses illness in Bonheur d'occasion and Alexandre Chenevert.

Mullins, Stanley G. "A Plethora of Outsiders: Being a Variety of Experience Recounted in the Canadian Novel." Laurentian University Review/Revue de l'Université Laurentienne 18.2 (1986): 49-59.

Murphy, John J. "Alexandre Chenevert." Gabrielle Roy. (Dossiers de documentation sur la littérature canadienne-française) Eds. Roland-M. Charland and Jean-Noël Samson. Montréal: Fides, [1967]. 49-59.

Includes "Alexandre Chenevert: Gabrielle Roy's crucified Canadian," reprinted from Queens Quarterly 2 (Sum.1965): 334-46.

Murphy, John J. "Alexandre Chenevert: Gabrielle Roy's crucified Canadian." Queens Quarterly 2 (Sum.1965): 334-46.

Murphy, John J. "A Gabrielle Roy Miscellany." Literature and Belief 14 (1994): 131-49.

Murphy, John J. "Visit with Gabrielle Roy." Thought; A Review of Culture and Idea 38/148 (Spring 1963): 447-55.

Describes a meeting and interview at Roy's summer home in La Petite Rivière-St.François during which Roy talked about her work and her art.

Nardout-Lafarge, Elisabeth. "Stratégies d'une mise à distance: la Deuxième Guerre mondiale dans les textes québécois." Études françaises 27.2 (automne 1991): 43-60.

Examines Bonheur d'occasion and several other Canadian novels of the World War II era.

Nepveu, Pierre, and Gilles Marcotte, eds. Montréal imaginaire; ville et littérature. [Montréal]: Fides, 1992.

Nepveu, Pierre, and François Ricard. "Présentation" Études françaises 33.3 (hiver 1997-98): 3-4.

Introduction to a special issue on Germaine Guèvremont's Le Survenant and Roy's Bonheur d'occasion.

Nnadi, Joseph. "De grand-mère en petite-fille, ou la relativité du féminisme chez Gabrielle Roy et Mariama Bâ." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 653-66.

Noble, P.S. "L'Espace dans Bonheur d'occasion." L'espace canadien et ses représentations. Actes du colloque international tenu à Talence les 16 et 17 décembre 1994. Eds. Sylvie Guillaume, et al. (Publications de la M.S.H.A., 217) [Talence, France]: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine, 1996. 95-99.

Novelli, Novella. "Concomitances et coïcidences dans Bonheur d'occasion." Voix & Images 7.1 (automne 1981): 131-46.

Novelli, Novella. Gabrielle Roy: de l'engagement au désengagement. Roma: Bulzoni, 1989.

Novelli, Novella. "La Montagne secrète ou le drame de l'artiste." Canada ieri et oggi; atti des 6e convegno internazionale di studi canadesi. Selva di Fasano, 27-31 marzo 1985. [Vol.] I. Sezione francofona. Eds. Giovanni Dotoli and Sergio Zoppi. Fasano, Italy: Schena Editore, 1986. 245-61.

International conference sponsored by the Associazione Italiana di Studi Canadesi.

Novelli, Novella. "Une Préparation idéologique de Bonheur d'occasion." L'Altérité dans la littérature québécoise. Centro Studi Sorelle Clarke dell'Università di Bologna Bagni di Lucca, 22-23 ottobre 1986. Ed. Carla Fratta. (Bussola, 2)(La deriva delle francofonie, 1) Bologna: Editrice Clueb Bologna, 1987. 135-52.

Nutting, Stephanie. "Bonheur d'occasion et Maryse: lectures croisées, lecture en ronds." Voix & Images 18.2/53 (hiver 1993): 253-63.

Discusses the use of intertextuality and the similarities and differences in two characters: Florentine Lacasse in Roy's Bonheur d'occasion (1945) and Maryse (Mary O'Sullivan) in Francine Noël's Maryse (1983).

O'Donnell, Kathleen. "Gabrielle Roy's Portrait of the Artist." Revue de l'Université d'Ottawa 44.1 (jan.- mars 1974): 70-77.

O'Leary, Dostaler. Le Roman canadien-français; (étude historique et critique). Ottawa: Cercle du Livre de France, 1954.

Includes a brief discussion of Bonheur d'occasion in Chapter 4, "Romans de moeurs et romans sociaux." Also mentions Alexandre Chenevert and La Petite poule d'eau.

Oore, Irène, and Marie-Thérèse Vinet. "La Syntaxe des adverbiaux dans quelques textes littéraires." ALFA: Actes de Langue Française et de Linguistique/Symposium on French Language and Linguistics, Vol.3/4 (1990/91). Halifax: Université Dalhousie, Département d'études françaises, 1991. 169-86.

Otten, Charlotte F., and Gary D. Schmidt, eds. The Voice of the Narrator in Children's Literature; Insights from Writers and Critics. (Contributions to the study of world literature, 28) New York: Greenwood, 1989.

Ouellet, Lise. "De l'autobiographie à la fiction autobiographique dans la littérature féminine." La Licorne 27 (1993): 365-78.

Compares La Détresse et l'enchantement with works by Claire Martin and France Daigle.

Ouellet, Lise. "Du récit d'apprentissage au discours des adieux dans La Détresse et l'enchantement." Dalhousie French Studies 23 (Fall-Winter 1992): 69-77.

Analyzes the meaning and intent of Roy's autobiography.

Painchaud, André. Bonheur d'occasion de Gabrielle Roy. (Collection Texto HMH, Français, 8) Montréal: Editions Hurtubise HMH, 1998.

Paquin, Jacques. "Quand l'Autre c'est soi: altérité et création dans La Montagne secrète de Gabrielle Roy." Les Discours de l'altérité; les actes du douzième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu à l'Institut de formation linguistique, Université de Regina les 23 et 24 octobre 1992. Eds. Jacques Paquin, Pierre-Yves Mocquais, and Richard Lapointe. Regina, [Canada]: Institut de formation linguistique, Université de Regina, 1994. 125-35.

Paquin, Jacques, Pierre-Yves Mocquais, and Richard Lapointe, eds. Les Discours de l'altérité; les actes du douzième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu à l'Institut de formation linguistique, Université de Regina les 23 et 24 octobre 1992. Regina, [Canada]: Institut de formation linguistique, Université de Regina, 1994.

Includes papers about Roy and her works by J. Paquin and Carol J. Harvey. These papers are entered under the names of their authors in this bibliography.

Paquin, Michel, and Roger Reny. La Lecture du roman; une initiation. Beloeil, [Canada]: Les Éditions La Lignée, 1984.

Paradis, Suzanne. Femme fictive, femme réelle; le personnage féminin dans le roman féminin canadien-français, 1884-1966. Ottawa: Garneau, 1966.

A social and psychological study of women characters in French-Canadian novels written by women. Examines Rose-Anna and Florentine Lacasse of Bonheur d'occasion, Luzina Toussignant of La Petite poule d'eau, Eugénie Chenevert of Alexandre Chenevert, and Éveline (Maman) of Rue Deschambault.

Parizeau, Alice. "Gabrielle Roy la grande romancière canadienne." Châtelaine (avril 1966): 44+.

Interview with Gabrielle Roy during which Roy discusses her life, her work as a novelist, and the subjects of her fictional works.

Parizeau, Alice. "Silhouette littéraire." La Presse-Plus 2 novembre 1985: [pagination unavailable].

Discusses the life and works of Gabrielle Roy focusing primarily on La Détresse et l'enchantement, Roy's posthumously published autobiography.

Parris, David L. "Une Rencontre dans une gare; le premier contact de Gabrielle Roy et de l'oncle Edouard à Paris." Un Pays, une voix, Gabrielle Roy; colloque des 13 et 14 mai 1987. Ed. Marie-Lyne Piccione. ([Publications de la M.S.H.A., 146]) [Talence, France]: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine, [1991]. 85-93.

Sponsor of the colloquium: Centre d'études canadiennes de l'Université de Michel de Montaigne-Bordeaux III.

Pascal, Gabrielle. "La Femme dans l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy." Revue de l'Université d'Ottawa/University of Ottawa Quarterly 50.1 (jan.-mars 1980): 55-61.

Using examples from Roy's principal works, discusses mothers, wives, daughters, and women teachers as types of characters. Finds that among Roy's characters, only the schoolteachers seem to be able to reconcile love and liberty. Works examined in this paper include: La Route d'Altamont, La Rivière sans repos, Ces enfants de ma vie, Cet été qui chantait, Alexandre Chenevert, Bonheur d'occasion, Rue Deschambault, Fragiles lumières de la terre, and La Petite poule d'eau.

Paterson, Beth. "Gabrielle Roy's Novel of St. Henri Realizes Fragile Five-year Hope." The Gazette 29 August 1945: [pagination unavailable].

Article on Bonheur d'Occasion. Also traces Roy's life leading up to her first novel.

Paterson, Janet. "La poétique de l'alimentation dans Bonheur d'occasion." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 8.2 (1996): 201-18.

Pelletier, Claude, comp. Gabrielle Roy II: dossier de presse, 1946-1985. Sherbrooke, Qué[bec]: Bibliothèque du Séminaire de Sherbrooke, 1986.

A collection of articles from Canadian newspapers. Contains interesting information not available elsewhere. No index is provided.

Pelletier, Mario. "Le Testament littéraire de Gabrielle Roy." Ecrits du Canada français 54 (1985): 153-56.

Phi, Ylang. "Aspects de la mémoire dans La Détresse et l'enchantement de Gabrielle Roy." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 4.2 (automne 1992): 275-89.

Picard, Geneviève. "Gabrielle Roy." Elle Québec 19 (mars 1991): 70-74.

A concise version of Roy's biography accompanied by photographs of Gabrielle, her family, her friends, and the Roy family home on Rue Deschambault in Saint-Boniface, Manitoba where Gabrielle was born and lived as a child and young adult.

Piccione, Marie-Lyne. "La Dialectique de la plaine et de la montagne dans l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 313-22.

Piccione, Marie-Lyne. "La Femme canadienne-française chez Gabrielle Roy et Michel Tremblay ou la remise en question des valeurs familiales traditionelles." Études canadiennes/Canadian Studies 2 (1976): 39-46.

Compares and contrasts women characters in Rue Deschambault, La Route d'Altamont, Bonheur d'occasion, and La Petite poule d'eau with those in Les Belles soeurs and other works by Michel Tremblay.

Piccione, Marie-Lyne. "La Montagne secrète, ou la peinture inachevée: un échec de Gabrielle Roy." Image et récit; littérature(s) et arts visuels du Canada. Actes du colloque international organisé conjointement à Strasbourg du 22 au 24 octobre 1992 par le Centre Interdisciplinaire d'Études canadianistes de Strasbourg et le Centre d'études Canadiennes de la Sorbonne Nouvelle. Eds. Jean-Michel Lacroix, Simone Vauthier, and Héliane Ventura. Paris: Presses de la Sorbonne Nouvelle, 1993. 341-54.

Piccione, Marie-Lyne, ed. Un pays, une voix, Gabrielle Roy; colloque des 13 et 14 mai 1987. ([Publications de la M.S.H.A., 146]) [Talence, France]: Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine, [1991].

Includes eleven papers from this colloquium held at the Centre d'études canadiennes de l'Université de Michel de Montaigne-Bordeaux III in May 1987. The papers, authored by M. Ducroq-Poirier, D. Essar, M. Genuist, C. Harvey, J. Levasseur, A. Maindron, C. May, D.L. Parris, Y. Resch, A. Stéphan, and H. Tuchmaier, are entered under the individual authors' names in this bibliography.

Plamondon, Aimé. "A Saint-Henri, sur les pas de Florentine." La Revue Populaire 38e année/11 (nov. 1945): 8-9, 82.

Illustrated commentary about Bonheur d'occasion.

Popovic, Pierre. "Le Différend des cultures et des savoirs dans l'incipit de Bonheur d'occasion." Bonheur d'occasion au pluriel: lectures et approches critiques. Ed. Marie-Andrée Beaudet. (Collection Séminaires, 10) Québec: Éditions Nota bene, 1999. 15-61.

Poulin, Gabrielle. "De l'aïeule à la petite-fille, ou l'éternelle jeunesse de l'art." Relations (avril 1978): 126-27.

Includes a brief discussion of the characters in Ces enfants de ma vie, one of three novels named by Poulin as the best novels of the year from Quebec.

Poulin, Gabrielle. "Une Merveilleuse histoire d'amour: Ces enfants de ma vie de Gabrielle Roy." Lettres Québécoises 8 (1977): 5-9.

A review article. Reprinted in: Poulin, Gabrielle. Romans du pays, 1968-1979. Montréal: Les Éditions Bellarmin, 1980.

Poulin, Gabrielle. Romans du pays, 1968-1979. Montréal: Éditions Bellarmin, 1980.

Thoughts about Ces enfants de ma vie in the chapter, "Une Merveilleuse histoire d'amour," p. 351-56. References to Roy are also found elsewhere in the book.

Primio, Carla Fratta Di (See: Fratta Di Primio, Carla) (See also: Fratta, Carla)

Primeau, Marguerite A. "Gabrielle Roy et la prairie canadienne." Writers of the Prairies. Ed. Donald G. Stephens. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1973. 115-28.

Purdy, Anthony. A Certain Difficulty of Being; Essays on the Quebec Novel. Montreal & Kingston; London; Buffalo: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1990.

Includes a chapter, "On the Outside Looking in: The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Gabrielle Roy's Bonheur d'occasion," p. 41-61.

Quenneville, Jean-Guy. "L'Homme ... à la mesure du pays." A la mesure du pays ...; les actes du dixième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège Saint-Thomas More, Université de la Saskatchewan les 12 et 13 octobre 1990. Eds. Jean-Guy Quenneville, et al. Saskatoon, [Canada]: Unité de recherches pour les études canadiennes-françaises, Collège St-Thomas More et le Département de français, Université de la Saskatchewan, 1991. 147-55.

Quenneville, Jean-Guy, et al, eds. A la mesure du pays ...; les actes du dixième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège Saint-Thomas More, Université de la Saskatchewan les 12 et 13 octobre 1990. Saskatoon, [Canada]: Unité de recherches pour les études canadiennes-françaises, Collège Saint-Thomas More et le Département de français, Université de la Saskatchewan, 1991.

Includes papers by M. Genuist, P. Genuist, M. Kapetanovich, J.-G. Quenneville, and C. Romney. These entries are found in this bibliography under the individual authors' names.

Quigley, Theresia M. The Child Hero in the Canadian Novel. Toronto: NC Press Limited, 1991.

In Chapter I, discusses the happy childhood of Christine, the narrator from Rue Deschambault and La Route d'Altamont.

Randall, Julia. "Gabrielle Roy: Granddaughter of Quebec." The Hollins Critic 14.5 (Dec. 1977): 1-12.

Presents an overview of Roy's life and work. Summarizes and analyzes Bonheur d'occasion, Alexandre Chenevert, La Montagne secrète, and La Route d'Altamont. Touches on La Petite poule d'eau and La Rivière sans repos.

Rea, Annabelle M. "Le premier jardin d'Anne Hébert comme hommage à Gabrielle Roy." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 575-91.

Compares Roy's Bonheur d'occasion with Anne Hébert's Le Premier jardin.

Renaud, André. "Ces enfants de ma vie." Voix et Images 4.2 (déc. 1978): 331-34.

Resch, Yannick. "Figures de l'étranger." Un pays, une voix, Gabrielle Roy; colloque des 13 et 14 mai 1987. Ed. Marie-Lyne Piccione. ([Publications de la M.S.H.A., 146]) [Talence, France]: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine, [1991]. 75-84.

Examines Bonheur d'occasion, La Détresse et l'enchantement, and Rue Deschambault for Roy's use of the word étranger in depicting minorities. Sponsor of the colloquium: Centre d'études canadiennes de l'Université de Michel de Montaigne-Bordeaux III.

Resch, Yannick. "Identité et altérité dans l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 395-410.

Resch, Yannick. "La Problématique urbaine dans deux romans montréalais de Gabrielle Roy: Bonheur d'occasion et Alexandre Chenevert." Études canadiennes/Canadian Studies 1 (1975): 79-87.

Concludes that in choosing to describe French-Canadians recently arrived in Montreal, Roy showed the alienation felt by the Lacasse family and Alexandre Chenevert, who don't feel at home in the city, but whose attempts to escape to country life are inevitably unsuccessful.

Resch, Yannick. "La Ville et son expression romanesque dans Bonheur d'occasion de Gabrielle Roy." Voix et Images 4.2 (déc. 1978): 244-57.

Ricard, François. "La Biographie de Gabrielle Roy: problèmes et hypothèses." Voix & Images 14.3/42 (printemps 1989): 453-60.

Presents a rationale for a projected biography of Gabrielle Roy.

Ricard, François. "Le cercle enfin uni des hommes. Hommage à Gabrielle Roy pour sa trentième année de création littéraire." Liberté 18.1 (jan. - fév. 1976): 59-78.

Ricard, François, ed. "L'Empereur des bois." Études Littéraires 17.3 (hiver 1984): 581-88.

Ricard, François. Gabrielle Roy. (Collection écrivains canadiens d'aujourd'hui, 11) Montréal: Fides, 1975.

Presents an overview and chronology of Roy's life and her career as a writer. Provides a categorized listing of her publications: major works of fiction and novellas, and non-fiction works published in periodicals. Also includes references to interviews and to selected studies of her works.

Ricard, François. "Gabrielle Roy, ou l'impossible choix." Critère 10 (jan. 1974): 97-102.

Ricard, François. "Gabrielle Roy: petite topographie de l'oeuvre." Ecrits du Canada français 66 (1989): 23-38.

Offers a retrospective overview of the literary output of Roy. Discusses its three parts: 1) published books, 2) various other published works, e.g. journal literature, and 3) unpublished material (principally her correspondance). It divides her life's work into three chronological periods, each dominated by a pattern. Comments on the diversity and originality of her narrative forms. Identifies her primary desire: to communicate.

Ricard, François. "Gabrielle Roy; «Refaire ce qui a été quitté»." Forces 44 (1978): 36-41.

About Roy's life and work, with a special focus on migration. Includes photographs.

Ricard, François. Gabrielle Roy: une vie. Montréal: Éditions Boréal, 1996.

Written by Gabrielle Roy's trusted associate whom she designated to be her biographer, this is the most comprehensive biography of Roy published to date. Includes "Sources," a listing of Roy's published and unpublished writings, references to studies of her works, interviews, and names of individuals who served as sources of information (p.593-619). Also includes an index of proper names.

Ricard, François. "Il y a cinquante ans, Bonheur d'occasion." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 3-26.

The keynote address of the colloquium celebrating the 50th anniversary of Bonheur d'occasion. Ricard traces the history of the genesis and publication of the novel. His sources of information, both published and unpublished, are carefully documented.

Ricard, François. "Les Inédits de Gabrielle Roy: une première lecture." Mélanges de littérature canadienne-française et québécoise offerts à Réjean Robidoux. Eds. Yolande Grisé and Robert Major. [Ottawa]: Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1992. 241-56.

An overview of the material in Roy's personal archives held by the National Library of Canada in Ottawa. The collection consists of published and unpublished works, correspondance, and various other material. This article includes a list of unpublished material ranging in length from one page "Que faut-il dire aux hommes" to 960 pages [La Saga d'Éveline].

Ricard, François. Inventaire des archives personnelles de Gabrielle Roy conservées à la Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. Montréal: Éditions du Boréal, 1991.

Description of Roy's personal archives including published and unpublished manuscripts, drafts of manuscripts, correspondance (both sent and received), contracts, and various other documents and sources of information about Roy and her work.

Ricard, François. La Littérature contre elle-même: essais. (Collection papiers collés) Montréal: Boréal Express, 1985.

Includes "Refaire ce qui a été quitté," an essay that focuses on migration in Roy's life and works.

Ricard, François. "Les mémoires secrets d'une jeune fille pas très rangée." L'Actualité 9.10 (oct. 1984): 15-18.

Ricard's memories of Roy and her project of writing her autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement.

Ricard, François. "La Métamorphose d'un écrivain: essai biographique." Études Littéraires 17.3 (Winter 1984): 441-55.

Discusses the evolution of Roy's writing career related to its chronology.

Ricard, François. "La Montagne Secrète; roman de Gabrielle Roy." Dictionnaire des oeuvres littéraires du Québec. Tome 4, 1960-1969. Eds. Maurice Lemire, et al. Montréal: Fides, 1984. 593-96.

Includes a summary and review of the work, a list of editions, and a bibliography of relevant publications.

Ricard, François. "L'Oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy comme «espace autobiographique»." Littératures autobiographiques de la francophonie. Actes du Colloque de Bordeaux, 21, 22, et 23 mai 1994. Ed. Martine Mathieu. (Collection Critiques littéraires) Paris: CELFA/Éditions L'Harmattan, [1996]. 22-30.

Ricard, François. "La Petite poule d'eau, roman de Gabrielle Roy." Dictionnaire des oeuvres littéraires du Québec. Tome 3, 1940-1959. Eds. Maurice Lemire, et al. Montréal: Fides, 1982. 751-54.

Includes a review of the work, a list of editions, and a bibliography of relevant publications, principally book reviews.

Ricard, François. "Rue Deschambault, recueil de nouvelles de Gabrielle Roy." Dictionnaire des oeuvres littéraires du Québec. Tome 3, 1940-1959. Eds. Maurice Lemire, et al. Montréal: Fides, 1982. 885-87.

Includes a description and review of the work, a list of editions, and a bibliography of relevant publications.

Riedel, Walter. "Variationen der Wandlung: Gabrielle Roys Roman Alexandre Chenevert und die Dramen Georg Kaisers Von morgens bis mitternachts und Elmer Rices The Adding Machine." Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/ Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 11 (June 1984): 205-15.

Rigault, André, and Willard M. Miller. "Coup d'oeil sur la langue du roman canadien français." Le français dans le Monde 23 (mars 1964): 27-31.

Discusses language variation in ten works by French-Canadian authors, including two of Roy's fictional works: Alexandre Chenevert and Rue Deschambault.

Rimstead, Roxanne. "Visits and Homecomings: Notes Toward Discovering the Psycho-Social Place(s) of Poverty." Textual Studies in Canada/Études textuelles au Canada 5 (1994): 46-63.

Discusses constructions of poverty in Bonheur d'occasion and in works by two other Canadian women novelists, Susanna Moodie and Nellie McClung. Uses an "inside/outside paradigm which positions poverty and the poor beyond the bounds of civil society."

Ringuet. "Conversation avec Gabrielle Roy." La Revue populaire 44.10 (1951): 4.

Interview with Roy in connection with the publication of La Petite poule d'eau.

Robert, Véronique. "Bonheur d'occasion." L'Actualité 7.8 (août 1982): 27-32.

Discussion of production of the film version of Bonheur d'occasion.

Roberts-van Oordt, Christina H. "D'Odette à Bernadette: La figure de la "petite" soeur dans l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy." Langue et communication; les actes du neuvième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface les 12, 13 et 14 octobre 1989. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest, 1990. 217-24.

Proposes that Gabrielle Roy's letters to her sister, Bernadette, published in 1988, not only form an embryonic version of Gabrielle's autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement, but are complementary to all of her other works as well.

Roberts-van Oordt, Christina H. "Du livre brûlé au livre ressuscité: le père face à quatre personnages féminins clés dans l'oeuvre royenne." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 3.1 (printemps 1991): 55-68.

Robidoux, Réjean. "Approaching the Contemporary Poem-Novel." Essays on Canadian Writing 17 (spring 1980): 127-40.

The discussion touches briefly on the subject of two characters from Bonheur d'occasion, Jean Lévesque and Emmanuel Létourneau, concluding that their presentation is not aesthetically convincing because they are observed by "an author ensconced without mystery in a position of absolute omniscience," rather than being "shown from the relative viewpoint of a stationary observer." In the original French, this article was part of the concluding chapter of Le Roman canadien-français du XXe siècle by Robidoux and André Renaud. (Ottawa: Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1966).

Robidoux, Réjean. "Gabrielle Roy à la recherche d'elle-même." Canadian Modern Language Review 30.3 (March 1974): 208-11.

Focuses principally on La Montagne secrète, Rue Deschambault, and La Route d'Altamont to illustrate how Roy is telling her own story through characters she has created. Robidoux calls this an autobiography of what could be possible, an autobiography in an imaginary dimension.

Robidoux, Réjean. "Gabrielle Roy, au lendemain du grand départ." Lettres Québécoises 32 (hiver 1983-84): 17-19.

Brief hommage to Roy following her death. Includes comments about her works and emphasizes the recurring theme of departures and the reference to the "grand départ" in her final work of fiction, De quoi t'ennuies-tu, Éveline? Includes photos of Roy with family and friends.

Robidoux, Réjean. "Gabrielle Roy: la somme de l'oeuvre." Voix & Images 14.3/42 (printemps 1989): 376-79.

Proposes publication of a critical edition of the complete works of Roy. Briefly discusses the controversy that arose shortly after her 1983 death regarding the value and nature of her works.

Robidoux, Réjean. "Introduction à l'étude de Rue Deschambault de Gabrielle Roy." The Canadian Modern Language Review 24 (Oct. 1967): 60-61.

In this article, Robidoux begins to articulate theories that he subsequently developed more fully regarding Roy's fictional works that echo the story of her life.

Robidoux, Réjean. "La Merveille du retour à la source." Relations 439 (juillet-août 1978): 219-21.

Discussion of Ces enfants de ma vie, perceived by Robidoux as an important landmark in Roy's literary career.

Robidoux, Réjean, and André Renaud. Le Roman canadien-français du vingtième siècle. (Visage des lettres canadiennes, 3) (Les Publications Sériées de l'Université d'Ottawa, 82) Ottawa: Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1966.

Chapter II, "Le Roman de moeurs," includes a detailed analysis of Bonheur d'occasion. Robidoux finds the characters of Rose Anna, Azarius, and Florentine the best portrayals, particularly the two women, but sees those of Jean Lévesque and Emmanuel Létourneau as less impressive. Some other novels by Roy are briefly mentioned.

Robidoux, Réjean. "Le roman et la recherche du sens de la vie. Vocation: écrivain. " Mélanges de civilisation canadienne-française offerts au professeur Paul Wyczynski. Eds. Pierre Savard, Françoys Bernier, and Roger Le Moine. (Cahiers du Centre de recherche en civilisation canadienne-française, 10) Ottawa: Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1977. 225-35.

Robillard, J.-P. "Interview-éclair avec Gabrielle Roy." Le Petit journal 8 janvier 1956: 48.

Robinson, Christine. "Edition critique de "La saga d'Eveline" de Gabrielle Roy." Ph.D. thesis. McGill University (Canada), 1999.

Robinson, Christine. "Gabrielle Roy: entre réalité et fiction." Quebec Studies 20 (Spring/Summer 1995): 97-105.

Examines the boundaries between reality and fiction in Roy's works by comparing and contrasting characters and situations in her fictional works with what she revealed about her life experiences in her autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement, and in several other autobiographical pieces.

Robinson, Christine. "La route d'Altamont de Gabrielle Roy, épave de La Saga d'Éveline?" Voix et Images 23.1/67 (automne 1997): 135-46.

Robinson, Christine. "La Saga d'Éveline de Gabrielle Roy ou l'inachèvement d'une oeuvre." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 287-96.

Robinson, Christine. "La Saga d'Éveline, un grand projet romanesque de Gabrielle Roy." Cahiers franco-canadiains de l'Ouest 7.2 (1995): 193-210.

Rodriguez, Liliane. "Réalités linguistiques et création littéraire: le cas de La Petite poule d'eau de Gabrielle Roy." Francographies, Bulletin de la Société des Professeurs Français et Francophones d'Amérique 2 (1995): 115-23.

Special issue.

Rodriguez, Liliane. "Sous la parole, le parler: place et fonction de la langue régionale dans La Petite poule d'eau et Rue Deschambault." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 449-57.

Studies the Manitoban regionalisms used by Roy in these two works. Observes the levels of the language, the stylistic distribution of the regionalisms, and Roy's literary evolution as reflected in these two works.

Rolfe, Christopher. "Evoking Childhood: Gabrielle Roy's Rue Deschambault and Jean-Marie Poupart's Bourru Mouillé: pour ceux qui savent parler aux enfants." Romance Studies 27 (spring 1996): 63-72.

Romney, Claude. "Le Bonjour du discours dans les écrits autobiographiques de Gabrielle Roy." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 437-48.

Examines La Route d'Altamont, La Détresse et l'enchantement, Rue Deschambault, Fragiles lumières de la terre, and De quoi t'ennuies-tu Òveline? Concludes that the bonheur du discours is closely connected to the character of the mother, confirming Lori Saint-Martin's proposal that these texts are matricentriques.

Romney, Claude. "L'Inversion du sujet dans les oeuvres de Gabrielle Roy: effets stylistiques, cohésion et cohérence du discours." Portes de communication; études discursives et sylistiques de l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy. Eds. Claude Romney and Estelle Dansereau. [Sainte-Foy, Canada]: Presses de l'Université Laval, 1995. 193-210.

La Montagne secrète, Cet été qui chantait, Alexandre Chenevert, and Bonheur d'occasion are studied to identify how Roy used this technique. La Montagne secrète has by far the highest number of examples. Finds that this produced a striking stylistic effect, particularly on her descriptions of visual scenes and intense emotions. Includes a chart showing the frequency of her use of inversions of subjects in twelve of her major fictional works.

Romney, Claude. "L'inversion du sujet: son utilisation par Gabrielle Roy dans la description de l'espace." A la mesure du pays ...; les actes du dixième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège Saint-Thomas More Université de la Saskatchewan les 12 et 13 octobre 1990. Eds. Jean-Guy Quenneville, et al. Saskatoon, [Canada]: Unité de recherches pour les études canadiennes-françaises, Collège St-Thomas More et le Département de français, Université de la Saskatchewan, 1991. 181-89.

Romney, Claude. "Langue et idéologie dans les textes de Gabrielle Roy publiés pour les enfants." Voix et images 25.2/74 (hiver 2000): 251-67.

Romney, Claude, and Estelle Dansereau, eds. Portes de communication; études discursives et stylistiques de l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy. [Sainte-Foy, Canada]: Les Presses de l'Université Laval, 1995.

A collection of eleven critical studies, most of which were previously published. Focusing principally on La Détresse et l'enchantement, Bonheur d'occasion, Alexandre Chenevert, De quoi t'ennuies-tu, Éveline?, La Rivière sans repos, and Un Jardin au bout du monde, they examine Roy's use of language. These papers are entered in this bibliography under the names of the individual authors: P. Dubé, L. Saint-Martin, C.T. Hahn, M. Frédéric, V.L. Schonberger, L. Guillemette, E. Dansereau, J.-A. Elder, A. Gann, P.-Y. Mocquais, and C. Romney.

Roy, Alain. "Ecriture et désir chez Gabrielle Roy: lecture d'un récit de La Route d'Altamont." Voix et Images 20.1/58 (automne 1994): 133-61.

Roy, Gabrielle. Le pays de Bonheur d'occasion et autres récits autobiographiques épars et inédits. (Cahiers Gabrielle Roy) Montréal : Boréal, 2000.

Unpublished and hard to find autobiographical writings of Gabrielle Roy prepared for publication by François Ricard, Sophie Marcotte, and Jane Everett.

Roy, Gabrielle. The Cashier. Trans. Harry Binsse. (New Canadian Library, 40) Toronto: McClellend and Stewart Limited, 1963.

Introduction by W.C. Lougheed to this translation of Alexandre Chenevert includes useful information.

Roy, Gabrielle. The Hidden Mountain; Gabrielle Roy. Trans. Harry Binsse. (New Canadian Library, 109) Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1975.

Malcom Ross's introduction to this translation of La Montagne secrète provides useful information and insights.

Roy, Gabrielle. "Letters from Gabrielle Roy to Margaret Laurence." Ed. François Ricard. CWSCF: Canadian Woman Studies/Les Cahiers de la femme 8.3 (fall 1987): 52-53.

Roy, Gabrielle. "Lettre de Gabrielle Roy à ses amis de l'ALCQ [Association des littératures canadiennes et québécoises]." Studies in Canadian Literature 4.2 (1979): 101-104.

Roy, Gabrielle. Ma chère petite soeur: lettres à Bernadette, 1943-1970. Ed. François Ricard. Montréal: Boréal, 1988.

This posthumously published collection of Gabrielle Roy's letters to her sister Bernadette (Dédette), a nun, cover the period of time from their mother's death until the death of Bernadette.

Roy, Gabrielle. "Ma petite rue qui m'a menée autour du monde." Littératures 14 (1996): 139-63.

Text based on material from the Fonds Gabrielle Roy; selected and prepared by François Ricard.

Roy, Gabrielle. "Ma rencontre avec les gens de Saint-Henri." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 8.2 (1996): 273-80.

Roy explains the genesis of Bonheur 'occasion in this piece originally written in English as "How I Found the People of St. Henry" for the May 1947 issue of WINGS, the Literary Guild Review. Presented by François Ricard and translated into French by Martine Fisher.

Roy, Gabrielle. Le Pays de Bonheur d'occasion et autres récits autobiographiques épars et inédits. Eds. François Ricard, Sophie Marcotte, and Jane Everett. (Cahiers Gabrielle Roy) Montréal: Boréal, 2000.

Material written by Roy for subsequent volumes of her ultimately unfinished autobiography as well as two of her incomplete texts that are related, though not strictly autobiographical. The editors have divided the material into three chronological parts designated by the name of the place where she was living in each of the three periods of her life: Manitoba (childhood and young adulthood), France (interval spent in Europe as a young adult), and Quebec (maturity).

Roy, Gabrielle. Le Temps qui m'a manqué; suite inédite de La Détresse et l'Enchantement. Eds. François Ricard, Dominique Fortier, and Jane Everett. (Cahiers Gabrielle Roy) Montréal: Boréal, 1997.

Material written by Roy for subsequent volumes of her autobiography that she was unable to complete during her lifetime. Roy looks back on her relationships with her mother and her sisters, her career as a journalist in Quebec, and the genesis of Bonheur d'occasion.

Roy, Geneviève. Gabrielle Roy. Montréal: Lidec, 1998.

Brief biographical work. Includes photos and illustrations.

Roy, Marie-Anna Adèle. Les Capucins de Toutes-Aides, Manitoba, Canada et leurs dignes confrères. Montréal: Éditions Franciscaines, 1977.

The author of this book is a sister of Gabrielle Roy. Its interest lies principally in its relation to places that served as settings for Roy's novel, La Petite poule d'eau, a part of which is entitled "Le Capucin de Toutes-Aides."

Roy, Marie-Anna A[dèle]. Le Miroir du passé. (Collection Littérature d'Amérique) Montréal: Québec-Amérique, 1979.

Story of the Roy family as perceived by the author, an elder sister of Gabrielle Roy.

Roy, Marie-Anna Adèle. La Montagne Pembina au temps des colons. Winnipeg: Canadian Publishers, 1970.

A history of parishes and people in an area of Manitoba southwest of Winnipeg written by a sister of Gabrielle Roy. Includes information about and photographs of the members of the Roy family.

Roy, Max. "Les Positions critiques dans les lectures successives de Bonheur d'occasion." Bonheur d'occasion au pluriel: lectures et approches critiques. Ed. Marie-Andrée Beaudet. (Collection Séminaires, 10) Québec: Éditions Nota bene, 1999. 189-227.

Roy, Paul-Emile. Études littéraires; Germaine Guèvremont, Réjean Ducharme, Gabrielle Roy. (Méridien Littérature) Montréal: Éditions du Méridien, 1989.

Roy, Paul-Emile. "Gabrielle Roy ou la difficulté de s'ajuster à la réalité." Lectures (nov. 1964): 55-61.

Roy, Yannick. "L'écriture d'Alexandre Chenevert: ironie et idylle." Voix et images 25.2/74 (hiver 2000): 349-74.

"Roy Papers." The Montreal Gazette 9 April 1983: [pagination unavailable].

Notice of the donation of the Gabrielle Roy Papers to the National Library of Canada.

Roy-Cyr, Yolande. "Gabrielle Roy: fragile lumière, immortel éclat." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 719-28.

The daughter of Roy's brother, Germain, shares her thoughts and memories of Gabrielle Roy at the 1995 colloquium commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of Bonheur d'occasion.

Roy-Cyr, Yolande, and Claude Della Zazzera. "Alexandre Chenevert: le cheminement psychologique d'un homme tourmenté." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 109-22.

Rubinger, Catherine. "Actualité de deux contes-témoins: Le Torrent d'Anne Hébert et Un Jardin au bout du monde de Gabrielle Roy." Présence Francophone 20 (printemps 1980): 121-26.

Rubinger, Catherine. "Two Related Solitudes: Canadian Novels in French and English." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 3 (July 1967): 49-57.

Rudzik, Orest H.T. "Literary Norms and Translation." Conference on Language, Culture and Literary Identity in Canada. A/part: papers from the 1984 Ottawa conference on Language, Culture and Literary Identity in Canada. La langue, la culture et l'identité littéraire au Canada. Ed. J.M. Bumsted [Bumstead?]. (Canadian Literature; Supplement, 1) Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 1987. 23-37.

Saint-Martin, Lori. "«Au plus près possible de vous tous»: deuil, distance et écriture dans la correspondance de Gabrielle Roy." Les femmes de letttres; écriture féminine ou spécificité générique? Actes du colloque tenu à l'Université de Montréal le 15 avril 1994. Eds. Benoît Melançon and Pierre Popovic. Montréal: Centre universitaire de lecture sociopoétique et épistolaire et des correspondances (CULSEC), Département d'études françaises, Université de Montréal, 1994. 117-35.

An insightful analysis of the letters of Gabrielle Roy written to her sister, Bernadette, from the time of the death of their mother until the death of Bernadette. Saint-Martin notes that these letters began and ended with a death, and that it was in a sense, the death of the mother experienced twice. She also finds that this correspondance illustrates perfectly the numerous paradoxes of the epistolary genre. The letters were published in 1988 with the title Ma chère petite soeur. Lettres à Bernadette, 1943-1970.

Saint-Martin, Lori, ed. L'autre lecture; la critique au féminin et les textes québécois. 2 Vols. Montréal: XYZ éditeur, 1992.

Includes two papers about Roy; they are entered in this bibliography under the names of the authors: Nicole Bourbonnais and Lori Saint-Martin. Consists of previously published material.

Saint-Martin, Lori. Contre-voix: essais de critique au féminin. (Collection Essais critiques) Québec: Nuit blanche, 1997.

Chapter 12, p.223-34 is a reprint of "Elles dans la ville," originally published in 1993 in which Saint-Martin discusses Bonheur d'occasion. The entry is found below. There is no index, but the bibliography suggests that Alexandre Chenevert is discussed elsewhere in the book.

Saint-Martin, Lori. "Elles dans la ville." Les Bâtisseuses de la cité; Actes du Colloque Les Bâtisseuses de la Cité dans le cadre de la Section d'études féministes du congrès de l'Acfas 1992. Eds. Evelyne Tardy, et al. (Les Cahiers scientifiques, 79) [Montréal]: Association canadienne-française pour l'avancement des sciences, 1993. 319-26.

At this colloquium on women in an urban environment, Saint-Martin examines fiction by French-Canadian women writers from a feminist standpoint. She points out the importance of Roy as the first to depict the lives of urban poor women of Montreal in Bonheur d'occasion. Other women authors whose works are cited are: France Théoret, Andrée Maillet, Nicole Brossard, Francine Noël, Maryse Noël, Madeleine Ouellette-Michalska, Nicole Houde, Flora Balzano, and Lise Hardou.

Saint-Martin, Lori. "Gabrielle Roy et la critique au féminin." Voix et images 20.2/59 (hiver 1995): 463-66.

Discusses the contemporary view of Roy's fiction, especially Bonheur d'occasion in the light of the feminist theories of Simone de Beauvoir put forth in Le Deuxième sexe. Points out the conflict between motherhood and self-realization, the alienation of women who accept becoming the object of male desire, and the powerlessness of women in the socio-economic domain. Views Roy as a precursor and model for modern feminine fiction.

Saint-Martin, Lori. "Gabrielle Roy: the Mother's Voice, the Daughter's Text." American Review of Canadian Studies 20.3/59 (Autumn 1990): 303-25.

Examines Roy's works in light of feminist literary theory as proposed by Luce Irigaray, Marianne Hirsch, and others. Compares the mother-daughter bond in Roy's autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement, and in her fictional works, focusing particularly on Bonheur d'occasion and on the works that are related to Roy's own life experiences: De quoi t'ennuies-tu, Éveline, La Route d'Altamont, and Rue Deschambault. In the fictional works, the theme of mother-storyteller (Éveline) and daughter-writer (Christine) mirrors Roy's own reality; she grew up listening to her mother's stories and became a storyteller herself. A French language version of this paper, "Mère et monde chez Gabrielle Roy," is found in L'Autre Lecture; la critique au féminin et les textes québécois, 1992.

Saint-Martin, Lori. Lectures contemporaines de Gabrielle Roy; Bibliographie analytique des études critiques (1978-1997). (Cahiers Gabrielle Roy) [Montréal]: Boréal, 1998.

Consists of an essay, "Gabrielle Roy devant la critique," p. 11-41; an analytical bibliography of articles, books, and book chapters, p. 45-175; addenda; and indexes.

Saint-Martin, Lori. Malaise et révolte des femmes dans la littérature québécoise depuis 1945. (Les Cahiers de Recherche du GREMF, 28) Québec: Université Laval, 1989. [35-129]

Saint-Martin, Lori. "Mère et monde chez Gabrielle Roy." L'autre lecture; la critique au féminin et les textes québécois. Ed. Lori Saint-Martin. 2 Vols. Montréal: XYZ éditeur, 1992. V.1: 117-37.

Studies the mother-daughter relationship in Roy's autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement, and in several of her fictional works that mirror Roy's own life experiences: Rue Deschambault, La Route d'Altamont, and De quoi t'ennuies-tu, Éveline? This reading, based on theories of Luce Irigary and others, unveils feminist aspects of Roy's work.

Saint-Martin, Lori. "Portrait de l'artiste en (vieille) femme." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 513-22.

Discusses both Roy as a creative woman and the artistic creativity of female characters in Roy's works. Cultural biases label creative work done by men as "art" and creative work done by women as "crafts," but what is the difference between "l'art" and "l'artisanat?" Proposes that the doll the grandmother fashions in La Route d'Altamont, the garden created by Martha in Un Jardin au bout du monde, and the stories Éveline recounts in De quoi t-ennuies-tu, Éveline,? are presented by Roy as works of art.

Saint-Martin, Lori. "Réalisme et féminisme: une lecture au féminin de Bonheur d'occasion." Bonheur d'occasion au pluriel: lectures et approches critiques. Ed. Marie-Andrée Beaudet. (Collection Séminaires, 10) Québec: Éditions Nota bene, 1999. 63-99.

Saint-Martin, Lori. "Sexe, pouvoir et dialogue." Études françaises 33.3 (hiver 1997-98): 37-52.

Studies Bonheur d'occasion by Roy and Le Survenant by Germaine Guèremont from a feminist point of view. Using statistical studies compiled by Sylvie Lamarre and Laure Neuville, Saint-Martin compares the two novels in terms of L'art du dialogue and enjeux de pouvoir.

Saint-Martin, Lori. "Simone de Beauvoir and Gabrielle Roy: Contemporaries Reflecting on Women and Society." Simone de Beauvoir Studies 10 (1993): 127-39.

Finds similar points of view in Beauvoir's Le Deuxième sexe and Roy's Bonheur d'occasion with respect to women in society, women's power and powerlessness, and women's relationships to their bodies, to other women, and to men.

Saint-Martin, Lori. "Les Soeurs ennemies: Gabrielle et Adèle Roy." Tangence 62 (avril 2000): 50-72.

Examines the Roy family's rifts and rivalries, the most venomous of which was Marie-Anna Adèle Roy's hostility toward Gabrielle both as a writer and as a sibling.

Saint-Martin, Lori. "Structures maternelles, structures textuelles dans les écrits autobiographiques de Gabrielle Roy." Portes de communication; études discursives et sylistiques de l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy. [Sainte-Foy, Canada]: Presses de l'Université Laval, 1995. 27-46.

Proposes that the principal subject of Roy's autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement, and of Rue Deschambault, La Route d'Altamont, and De quoi t'ennuies-tu, Éveline? is the mother-daughter relationship and that the common thread in these works is the mother figure. The mother is the source of the daughter's creativity and the daughter fulfills the mother's dreams and desires that have been thwarted by the responsibilities of raising a large family.

Saint-Martin, Lori. La Voyageuse et la prisonnière; Gabrielle Roy et la question des femmes. (Cahiers Gabrielle Roy) Montréal: Boréal, 2002.

Examines Roy's feminism in her published and unpublished works. Among the latter, Baldur and La Saga d'Eveline are studied in depth. Compares Roy's feminist expression with that of Simone de Beauvoir.

Saint-Martin, Lori, et al. "Bibliographie annotée des études critiques sur Gabrielle Roy, 1984-1995." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 8.2 (1996): 283-371.

Preceded by an essay that presents an overview of the direction taken by studies of the literary works of Gabrielle Roy during the period 1984-1995, the bibliography offers analytical annotations.

Saint-Pierre, Annette. "La fidelité au Manitoba de Gabrielle Roy." La Liberté 24 novembre 1977: [pagination unavailable].

Brief overview of the life and works of Gabrielle Roy.

Saint-Pierre, Annette. Gabrielle Roy sous le signe du rêve. (Collection soleil) Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Les Éditions du Blé, 1975.

Studies the characters in six of Roy's works to discover their unifying characteristics. Focuses on the families in Bonheur d'occasion and La Petite poule d'eau; the heros in Alexandre Chenevert and La Montagne Secrète; and the narrator in Rue Deschambault and La Route d'Altamont.

Saint-Pierre, Annette. "Itinéraire de l'écriture et de l'édition dans l'ouest canadien." La Licorne 27 (1993): 263-72.

Saint-Pierre, Annette, and Liliane Rodriguez, eds. La langue, la culture et la société des francophones de l'Ouest; les actes du quatrième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface les 23 et 24 novembre 1984. 2 Vols. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest, Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface, 1985.

Includes papers on Roy authored by Dennis Essar, Monique Genuist, and Carol J. Harvey. These papers are entered under the individual names of the authors in this bibliography.

Schonberger, Vincent L. "Alexandre Chenevert: récit pluricodique." Portes de communication; études discursives et sylistiques de l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy. [Sainte-Foy, Canada]: Presses de l'Université Laval, 1995. 83-102.

Schonberger, Vincent L. "The Problem of Language and the Difficulty of Writing in the Literary Works of Gabrielle Roy." Studies in Canadian Literature/Études en Littérature Canadienne 14.1 (1989): 127-28.

Examines "one of the major facets of Roy's creative artistry: her recurrent preoccupation and relentless struggle with the problem of writing."

Schonberger, Vincent L. "Stratégies de démythisation du discours idéologique dans Alexandre Chenevert." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 137-47.

Scully, Robert Guy. "Le Monde de Gabrielle Roy." Le Devoir 30 mars 1974: 17.

Shek, Ben-Z. "Bonheur d'occasion à l'écran: fidelité ou trahison?" Études Littéraires 17.3 (hiver 1984): 481-97.

Critique of the film version of Bonheur d'occasion. Compares it with the novel and the television series. Finds that the film deforms the novel both esthetically and ideologically because it fails to show the misery and the social conflicts of the 1940's in Saint-Henri, a working class district of Montreal, the principal site of the action in the novel.

Shek, Ben-Z. "La Critique «gauchiste» (et gauche?) de Bonheur d'occasion." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 55-68.

Examination of four articles published between 1972 and 1991 authored by J. Wilson Clark, Guy Laflèche, Jean Morissot, and Myo Kapetanovich. Characterizes these articles as gauchistes in the philosophical sense of ultra-radical and insufficiently aware of reality.

Shek, Ben-Z. "De quelques influences possibles sur la vision du monde de Gabrielle Roy: George Wilkinson and Henri Girard." Voix & Images 14.3/42 (Spring 1989): 437-52.

Starts with the idea that Bonheur d'occasion offers a condemnation of a society that fails its poorest members. Traces the connections of Gabrielle Roy with Wilkinson and Girard to show how these two men appear to have influenced her social consciousness.

Shek, Ben-Z. "L'Espace et la description symbolique dans les romans "montréalais" de Gabrielle Roy." Liberté 13.1 (1971): 78-96.

Examines the topography and Roy's use of certain themes such as the war, flowers, walls, alienation, and religion in her two novels that take place in Montreal, Bonheur d'occasion and Alexandre Chenevert.

Shek, Ben-Z. French-Canadian and Québécois Novels. (Perspectives on Canadian Culture) Toronto; New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Shek, Ben-Z. "La Généreuse disparité humaine dans l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy, de Bonheur d'occasion à La Détresse et l'enchantement." Études canadiennes/Canadian Studies: Revue Interdisciplinaire des Études Canadiennes en France 12.21 (déc. 1986)]: 235-44.

Analyzes the importance Gabrielle Roy gave to ethnic minorities and oppressed groups in her works. Discusses examples of this from Bonheur d'occasion, La Petite poule d'eau, Alexandre Chenevert, Rue Deschambault, La Montagne secrète, Un Jardin au bout du monde, Ces enfants de ma vie, and La Détresse et l'enchantement.

Shek, Ben Zion. [i.e. Ben-Z.] "The Jew in the French-Canadian Novel." Viewpoints 4.4 (Winter 1969): 29-35.

Proposes that Roy "brought a fresh gaze to bear on Canada's minority groups" in contrast to earlier Canadian writers. Roy had many opportunities to mingle with persons from various ethnic backgrounds during her childhood and her years of teaching in Manitoba and later when she worked as a journalist. Specific comments are made about characters in La Petite poule d'eau, Alexandre Chenevert, and about articles on Canadian ethnic groups that Roy wrote for Le Bulletin des agriculteurs.

Shek, Ben-Z. Social Realism in the French-Canadian Novel. Montreal: Harvest House, 1977.

Sections on Bonheur d'occasion and Alexandre Chenevert include detailed analyses of the characters, themes, and settings. Roy is also mentioned elsewhere in the book and compared with other French-Canadian authors.

Shek, Ben-Z. "Ukrainians, Jews and Mennonites in the Writings of Gabrielle Roy: Their Contours and Significance." A Sharing of Diversities. Proceedings of the Jewish Mennonite Ukrainian Conference, "Building Bridges." Eds. Fred Stambrook and Bert Friesen. (Canadian Plains Proceedings, 31) Regina, [Canada]: Canadian Plains Research Center, University of Regina, 1999. 203-14.

Shouldice, Larry, ed. and trans. Contemporary Québec Criticism. Toronto; Buffalo; London: University of Toronto Press, 1979.

A collection of articles and essays originally published in French. Roy is mentioned in several places in this book which covers backgrounds, themes, and genres in the literature of Quebec. Includes an index for locating material on Roy's works.

Simon, Sherry. "Le Discours du Juif au Québec en 1948: Jean Le Moyne, Gabrielle Roy." Quebec Studies 15 (fall-winter 1992-93): 77-86.

Discusses the portrayal of Jews in Roy's Alexandre Chenevert and Le Moyne's Retour d'Israël.

Simon, Sherry, et al. Fictions de l'identitaire au Québec. Montréal: XYZ, 1991.

Simon and her co-authors have each written a chapter. In the chapter "Pour une cartographie de l'hétérogène: dérives identitaires des années 1980," Pierre L'Hérault discusses La Détresse et l'enchantement and De quoi t'ennuies-tu Éveline? under the paragraph heading, "Le récit maternel acadien de Gabrielle Roy," p. 99-102.

Sirois, Antoine. "Bonheur d'occasion, roman de Gabrielle Roy." Dictionnaire des oeuvres littéraires du Québec. Tome 3, 1940-1959. Eds. Maurice Lemire, et al. Montréal: Fides, 1982. 127-36.

Includes a short biographical sketch, a summary and review of the work, a list of editions, and a bibliography of relevant publications.

Sirois, Antoine. "Costume, maquillage et bijoux dans Bonheur d'occasion." Présence Francophone; revue littéraire 18 (printemps 1979): 159-63.

Analyzes the effects of clothing, make-up, and jewelry on Florentine Lacasse and the use of descriptions of exterior appearance (dress, etc.) in revealing other characters in Bonheur d'occasion. Proceedings of the symposium L'étude du 'corps romanesque' dans les littératures francophones (hors de France). Actes du Symposium organisé sous le patronage du Centre d'études des littératures d'expression française et tenu à l'université de Sherbrooke du 6 au 8 octobre 1978. Published as a special issue of Présence Francophone.

Sirois, Antoine. "De l'idéologie au mythe: la nature chez Gabrielle Roy." Voix & Images 14.3/42 (printemps 1989): 380-86.

Since the 1940's with increased urbanization, the theme of nature in French-Canadian literature has undergone changes. In nineteenth and early twentieth century "romans du terroir," nature was treated as land to occupy. Gabrielle Roy, a post-war World War II novelist, writes of sensual joys in the beauties of nature and of nature as a source of energy and renewal, rather than as land to possess.

Sirois, Antoine. "Gabrielle Roy et le Canada anglais." Études Littéraires 17.3 (hiver 1984): 469-79.

Discusses the favorable reception received by the English translations of Roy's works. Cites specific critics and concludes that Bonheur d'occasion will always have a place among Canada's major literary works both in French and in the English translation.

Sirois, Antoine. "Le Grand Nord chez Gabrielle Roy et Yves Thériault." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 605-16.

Examines how Roy treats the myth of the North, particularly the far northern reaches of Canada above the arctic circle, in two of her works: La Montagne secrète and La Rivière sans repos.

Sirois, Antoine. Lecture mythocritique du roman québécois; Anne Hébert, Jacques Ferron, Jacques Poulin, Gabrielle Roy, Yves Thériault. Montréal: Les Éditions Triptyque, 1999.

In the final chapter, "Le Nord mythique," p. 99-112, Sirois discusses La Montagne secrète and La Rivière sans repos.

Sirois, Antoine. "La Montagne secrète." Gabrielle Roy. (Dossiers de documentation sur la littérature canadienne-française) Eds. Roland-M. Charland et Jean-Noël Samson. [Ottawa: Fides, 1967.] 65-70.

La Montagne secrète is analyzed in search of the nature of the myth of the North in Canadian literature.

Sirois, Antoine. Montréal dans le roman canadien. Montréal: Marcel Didier, 1968.

References to Alexandre Chenevert and Bonheur d'occasion are found throughout the book, but no single section or chapter is devoted entirely to Roy's works.

Sirois, Antoine. "Le Mythe du Nord." La Revue de l'Université de Sherbrooke 4.1 (oct. 1963): 29-36.

Discusses the myth of the North in La Montagne secrète by Roy and in works of other authors.

Sirois, Antoine. Mythes and Symboles dans la littérature québécoise. Montréal: Les Éditions Triptyque, 1992.

In the chapter "De l'idéologie au mythe de la nature; romans et nouvelles de Gabrielle Roy," p. 51-59, Sirois examines Roy's expression of her feelings about nature in Alexandre Chenevert, La Route d'Altamont, Bonheur d'occasion, La Petite poule d'eau, La Montagne secrète, La Détresse et l'enchantement, and La Rivière sans repos.

Sirois, Antoine. "Prix littéraires pour les écrivains québécois." International Perspectives in Comparative Literature: Essays in Honor of Charles Dédéyan. Ed. Virginia M. Shaddy. (Studies in Comparative Literature, 15) Lewiston, [NY]; Queenston [Canada]; Lampeter [UK]: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991. 147-59.

Discusses political and economic factors that may have entered into the decision to award the Prix Fémina to Roy for Bonheur d'occasion.

Sirois, Antoine. "La Rivière sans repos, récits de Gabrielle Roy." Dictionnaire des oeuvres littéraires du Québec. Tome 5, 1970-1975. Eds. Maurice Lemire, et al. Montréal: Fides, 1987. 775-77.

Includes a short review of the work, a list of editions, and a bibliography of relevant publications.

Sirois, Antoine. "La Route d'Altamont, recueil de nouvelles de Gabrielle Roy." Dictionnaire des oeuvres littéraires du Québec. Tome 4, 1960-1969. Eds. Maurice Lemire, et al. Montréal: Fides, 1984. 784-86.

Includes a summary and review of the work, a list of editions, and a bibliography of relevant publications.

"600 personnes rendent un dernier hommage à Gabrielle Roy." Le Devoir 19 juillet 1983: [pagination unavailable].

Description of Gabrielle Roy's funeral.

Smart, Patricia. "«Changer la vie» ou «changer le monde»?" Études françaises 33.3 (hiver 1997-98): 15-21.

Special isssue: "Le Survenant et Bonheur d'occasion; rencontre de deux mondes." Compares and contrasts the two novels, Germaine Guèvremont's Le Survenant and Roy's Bonheur d'occasion.

Smart, Patricia. Ecrire dans la maison du père: l'émergence du féminin dans la tradition littéraire du Québec. (Collection Littérature d'Amérique) Montréal: Éditions Québec/Amérique, 1990.

In Chapter 5, "Quand les voix de la résistance deviennent politiques: Bonheur d'occasion ou le réalism au féminin," Smart examines male and female issues in Bonheur d'occasion. Mentioned elsewhere in the book are: Fragiles lumières de la terre, Alexandre Chenevert, Le Jardin au bout du monde, and La Petite poule d'eau.

Smart, Patricia. Writing in the Father's House; the Emergence of the Feminine in the Quebec Literary Tradition. Toronto; Buffalo; London: University of Toronto Press, 1991.

English translation of Ecrire dans la maison du père, edited by Smart and entered above.

Socken, Paul. "Art and the Artist in Gabrielle Roy's Works." Revue de l'Université d'Ottawa 45.3 (juillet-sept. 1975): 344-50.

Focuses on characters who are artists: Christine, an aspiring writer in Rue Deschambault and La Route d'Altamont, and Pierre Cadorai, a painter in La Montagne secrète, as well as characters who are affected by works of art in Cet été qui chantait, La Petite poule d'eau, and La Rivière sans repos. Aims to show that Roy expresses her view of art and the artist in these characterizations.

Socken, Paul. "Ces enfants de ma vie: l'apprentissage de Gabrielle Roy." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 3.1 (printemps 1991): 15-30.

Socken, Paul. Concordance de Bonheur d'occasion de Gabrielle Roy. [Downsview, Ont.]: Strong College, York Univesity and ECW Press, 1982.

A computer-produced concordance using the KWIC (keyword in context) format. Provides word frequencies in descending order of the number of occurrences in the novel.

Socken, Paul. "Les Dimensions mythiques dans Alexandre Chenevert." Études Littéraires 17.3 (hiver 1984): 499-529.

Using the model of the hero proposed by Joseph Campbell in The Hero with a Thousand Faces (Princeton, 1949), divides the novel into three parts: 1) the struggle of the protagonist against his personal and historical limitations, 2) his retreat to the primordial sources of life and thought, and 3) his return to society to share with others the lessons learned. Seeks to show the connection between Chenevert and the common elements (or universal mythology) found in the traditions of various cultures of the world.

Socken, Paul. "L'Enchantement dans la détresse: l'irréconciliable réconcilié chez Gabrielle Roy." Voix & Images 14.3/42 (printemps 1989): 433-36.

Analyzes the first chapter of Roy's autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement, in which the author describes childhood experiences. The use of opposites such as inferior/superior, poor/rich, optimism/pessimism, insecurity/security, spiritual/material (and for Roy, French/English) underscores the feelings of conflict felt by Roy as a member of a francophone minority in her native Manitoba.

Socken, Paul. "Fragiles lumières de la terre, écrits de Gabrielle Roy." Dictionnaire des oeuvres littéraires du Québec. Tome 6, 1976-1980. Eds. Gilles Dorion, et al. Montréal: Fides, 1994. 347-48.

Includes a description of the work, a list of editions, and a bibliography of relevant publications.

Socken, Paul. "Gabrielle Roy: An Annotated Bibliography." The Annotated Bibliography of Canada's Major Authors, Volume One. Eds. Robert Lecker and Jack David. Downsview, Canada: ECW Press, 1979. 213-63.

Consists of two parts: "Works by Gabrielle Roy" and "Works on Gabrielle Roy." Annotations, sometimes rather extensive analyses, are provided for critical works. Socken often gives his opinion of the usefulness of these studies of Roy's works.

Socken, Paul. "Gabrielle Roy as Journalist." The Canadian Modern Language Review 30.1 (Oct. 1973): 96-100.

Discusses Roy's publications in Le Jour and in the Bulletin des agriculteurs.

Socken, Paul. "Gabrielle Roy: Hommage." Études Littéraires 17.3 (hiver 1984): 3.

Introduction to this special issue of the journal edited by Socken as a tribute to Gabrielle Roy following her death in July 1983.

Socken, Paul. "L'Harmonie dans l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy." Travaux de linguistique et de littérature 15.2 (1977): 275-92.

Focuses principally on: Alexandre Chenevert, La Route d'Altamont, Rue Deschambault, La Montagne secrète, Cet été qui chantait, and La Rivière sans repos. Publié par le Centre de philologie et de littérature romanes de l'Université de Strasbourg.

Socken, Paul. "In Memoriam: Gabrielle Roy (1909-1983)." Canadian Modern Language Review/La Revue Canadienne des Langues Vivantes 40.1 (Oct.1983): 105-10.

This tribute to Roy includes a brief description of her life and of her major literary works.

Socken, Paul. "Jacques Poulin: héritier spirituel de Gabrielle Roy."Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 593-603.

Finds numerous parallels in the works of Roy and Poulain. Concludes that Roy's works deeply influenced Poulain's style, tone, ideas, images, values, and sensitivities.

Socken, Paul.Myth and Morality in Alexandre Chenevert by GabrielleRoy.(European university papers: Ser. 13) (French language and literature, 88) Frankfurt am Main; Bern; New York; Paris: Peter Lang, 1987.

Socken, Paul. " 'Le pays de l'amour' in the works of Gabrielle Roy." Revue de l'Université d'Ottawa 46.3 (juillet-sept. 1976): 309-23.

Examines and evaluates the theme of human fellowship in Roy's novels. Finds that suffering becomes a vehicle for human communication and understanding. Roy's characters become citizens of le pays de l'amour through suffering which leads to awareness of the suffering of others. Though explicit scenes are rare in Roy's fiction, when Roy's ideal pays de l'amour is expressed, these scenes "demonstrate that at the heart of Roy's writing is the desire to bring people together in understanding."

Socken, Paul. "The Structure of Dichotomy and the Art of Storytelling: Gabrielle Roy's «Le Puits de Dunrea »." Études canadiennes/Canadian Studies; Revue Interdisciplinaire des Études Canadiennes en France 44 (juin 1998): 7-13.

Studies this short story from Rue Deschambault. Finds that it expresses "the future author's coming to terms with the frailty and uncertainty of life and with the writer's craft [and] as such it stands as a microcosm" of her later body of work.

Socken, Paul. "Use of Language in Bonheur d'occasion: A Case in Point." Essays on Canadian Writing 11 (Summer 1978): 66-71.

Studies the occurence of the singular and the plural of the word joie (joy) in Bonheur d'occasion. Finds that it appears more frequently than one might expect in this novel of social realism.

Srabian de Fabry, Anne. "A la recherche de l'ironie perdue chez Gabrielle Roy et Flaubert." Présence Francophone 11 (automne 1975): 89-104.

Finds that despite the many differences in the writing of Roy and Gustave Flaubert, both used irony effectively. Works by Roy discussed are: La Route d'Altamont, La Rivière sans repos, Cet été qui chantait, Alexandre Chenevert, Bonheur d'occasion, Rue Deschambault, and La Petite poule d'eau.

Stackelberg, Jürgen von. "Liebeserklärung an Gabrielle Roy." Le Français aujourd'hui une langue à comprendre; französisch heute. Mélanges offerts à Jürgen Olbert. Eds. Gilles Dorion, et al. Frankfurt am Main: Verlag Moritz Diesterweg, 1992. 355-61.

Presents an overview of Roy's works.

Stéphan, Andrée. "Attraits et contraintes du corps féminin chez Gabrielle Roy; les prémisses de Bonheur d'occasion et leur écho dans le reste de l'oeuvre." Un Pays, une voix, Gabrielle Roy; colloque des 13 et 14 mai 1987. Ed. Marie-Lyne Piccione. ([Publications de la M.S.H.A., 146]) [Talence, France]: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine, [1991]. 57-65.

Sponsor of the colloquium was the Centre d'études canadiennes de l'Université de Michel de Montaigne-Bordeaux III.

Stéphan, Andrée. "La condition féminine dans Pieds nus dans l'aube de Félix Leclerc et Rue Deschambault de Gabrielle Roy." Plurial 5 ([1991?]): 69-73.

Stéphan, Andrée. "La femme et la guerre dans Bonheur d'occasion de Gabrielle Roy." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 3.1 (printemps 1991): 43-54.

Stéphan, Andrée. "La Langue populaire dans Bonheur d'occasion de Gabrielle Roy." Présence Francophone: revue internationale de langue et de littérature 31 (1987): 99-111.

Gives a brief history of the evolution of the use of regional, non-standard French in francophone Canadian literature from 1846 to the 1970s. Provides examples of Roy's use of non-standard French in Bonheur d'occasion to show realism, satire, social hierarchy, psychological hierarchy, or for embellishment.

Stéphan, Andrée. "La soif d'évasion chez Mélina-Éveline." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 323-32.

Examines the mother, Eveline, in La Route d'Altamont, Rue Deschambault, and De quoi t'ennuies-tu Eveline? and finds the leitmotiv of a desire for escape in all three of the fictional works. In this respect, Eveline is a reflection of Roy's mother Mélina, as Gabrielle Roy remembered her and wrote about her in La Détresse et l'enchantement.

Stouck, David. Major Canadian Authors; A Critical Introduction. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1984.

"Gabrielle Roy," p.143-256, discusses La Route d'Altamont, La Rivière sans repos, Ces enfants de ma vie, Cet été qui chantait, Alexandre Chenevert, Bonheur d'occasion, La Petite poule d'eau, Un Jardin au bout du monde, Rue Deschambault, and La Montagne secrète.

Stratford, Philip. All the Polarities; Comparative Studies in Contemporary Canadian Novels in French and English. Toronto: ECW Press, 1986.

In Chapter 2, p. 12-29, "Mainstream or Two Solitudes? Hugh MacLennan and Gabrielle Roy," Stratford compares and contrasts Roy's Bonheur d'occasion (1945) and MacLennan's Two Solitudes (1945) as works of two Canadian novelists who were contemporaries and whose lives had various aspects in common. Translated into French by Monique V.-Landa as Pôles et convergences; essai sur le roman canadien et québécois. Montréal: Éditions Liber, 1991.

Stringer, Roland. "Un retour aux jours de Gabrielle Roy au Manitoba." La Liberté 22 juillet 1983: [pagination unavailable].

Former colleagues remember Gabrielle Roy following her death in July 1983. Includes a few quotes by and about Roy, and recalls important dates in her life.

Suchet, Simone. "A propos de Bonheur d'occasion: les rapports entre littérature et cinéma." Canadian Woman Studies/Les Cahiers de la femme 5.1 (Fall 1983): 50-52.

"Examines the problems of adapting a literary work to the screen." Finds that although parts of the novel were left out, the film version of Bonheur d'occasion is basically faithful to the text and that this fidelity is its weakness.

Sylvestre, Guy. "Aspects de notre roman." Action universitaire 14.1 (oct. 1947): 18-34.

Examines different types of novels by French-Canadian authors. Roy's Bonheur d'occasion is mentioned as an example of a roman de moeurs.

Sylvestre, Guy. Literature in French Canada. (Series on the Arts, Humanities and Sciences in French Canada, 1) Quebec, [Canada]: Dept. of Cultural Affairs, 1967.

Roy and her works are briefly discussed in the chapter, "The Contemporary Novel."

Sylvestre, Guy. "Où en est notre littérature?" Revue de l'Université d'Ottawa (oct.- déc. 1951): 427-48.

An overview of French-Canadian authors and their works. One paragraph is devoted to Roy. Works mentioned are Bonheur d'occasion and La Petite poule d'eau, her only major fiction that had been published at the time.

Sylvestre, Guy. "Réflexions sur notre roman." Culture 12.3 (sept. 1951): 227-46.

Overview of the tendencies of the contemporary Canadian novel. One paragraph is devoted to Roy and Bonheur d'occasion.

Tanguay, Céline. "Les mots du corps dans Alexandre Chenevert ou l'envers de la communication avortée." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 8.2 (1996): 149-70.

Semiotic analysis of body language in Alexandre Chenevert. Revised version of a paper presented at the Congrès annuel de l'Association Canadienne-française pour l'avancement des sciences (ACFAS), which took place at McGill University from May 13 to 17, 1996.

Théoret, France. "Ce que parler veut dire." Voix et Images; Littérature Québécoise 20.3/60 (printemps 1995): 684-91.

Studies Roy's wanderings as described in La Détresse et l'enchantement. Examines Roy's feelings about her travels and relocations and relates those experiences to her evolution from rural schoolteacher to professional writer.

Thérien, Gilles. "Bonheur d'occasion: Claude Fournier lecteur." Voix et Images 9.2 (hiver 1984): 171-73.

Review of the film directed by Fournier.

Thério, Adrien. "Evangile selon Gabrielle Roy." Solitude rompue. Eds. Cécile Cloutier-Wojciechowska and Réjean Robidoux. (Cahiers du CRCCF) Ottawa: Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1986. 394-95.

Solitude rompue is a festschrift in honor of Professor David Mackness Hayne.

Thério, Adrien. "Gabrielle Roy nous a quittés." Lettres Québécoises 31 (automne 1983): 7.

A brief examination of the life and work of Roy following her death.

Thério, Adrien. "Le portrait du père dans Rue Deschambault." Livres et auteurs québécois 1969. [Québec: Université Laval], [1969]. 237-43.

Discusses Edouard, the father of Christine in Rue Deschambault. For Thério, Edouard is one of the most moving characters in all of Roy's works.

Thifault, Jocelyne. "Alexandre Chenevert, de nouveaux avant-textes." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 8.2 (1996): 171-80.

Discusses how Roy used foretexts from newspapers and the Britannica Book of the Year for authenticating historical realism in the novel.

Thomas, Clara. "The Accommodating I." Recherches anglaises et nord-américaines: RANAM 24 (1991): 79-88.

Studies Roy's autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement and Margaret Laurence's Dance on the Earth as examples of Canadian women 's writing as "selective, shaped, literary accounts of portions of their lives."

Thorne, W.B. "Poverty and Wrath: A Study of The Tin Flute." Journal of Canadian Studies 3.1 (1968): 3-10.

Tooren, Marjolein van. "'Il y a des choses que seules savent dire les yeux': l'empreinte d'une jeunesse manitobaine." Rapports - het Franse Boek 66.1-2 (1996): 49-56.

Tougas, Gérard. Destin littéraire du Québec. Montréal: Éditions Québec/Amérique, 1982.

Takes note of the importance of Bonheur d'occasion in the third section of Chapter 3, "L'Eveil de la conscience littéraire."

Tougas, Gérard. Les Ecrivains d'expression française et la France; essai. Paris: Denoël, 1973.

Roy's name is mentioned a few times in this essay.

Tougas, Gérard. Histoire de la littérature canadienne-française. 4th ed. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1967.

Roy and her works are discussed on pages 156-60. Included are Alexandre Chenevert, Bonheur d'occasion, Rue Deschambault, La Petite poule d'eau, and La Montagne secrète. Roy is also mentioned elsewhere in the book.

Tougas, Gérard. La Littérature canadienne-française. 5th ed. [Paris]: Presses Universitaires de France, 1974.

Roy and her works are discussed on pages 160-66. Included are Alexandre Chenevert, Bonheur d'occasion, Rue Deschambault, La Petite poule d'eau, La Rivière sans repos, and La Montagne secrète. Roy is mentioned on a few other pages as well. Also published in English translation as History of French-Canadian Literature. Toronto: Ryerson, 1968.

Tougas, Gérard. Littérature canadienne-française contemporaine. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1969.

A selection of texts for classroom use as a reader. Sixteen pages are devoted to Roy. Includes some biographical material, a brief overview of some of the main characteristics of her work, and passages from Bonheur d'occasion and Alexandre Chenevert.

Toussaint, Ismène, ed. Les Chemins secrets de Gabrielle Roy; témoins d'occasions. Montréal: Stanké, 1999.

Former pupils, Roy family members, classmates, fellow workers, and friends of Gabrielle Roy recount their memories of her. Includes a bibliography of books and articles by and about Roy, books by Marie-Anna Adèle Roy (Gabrielle's sister), and historical works about Manitoba. Also includes a brief chronology of the life of Gabrielle Roy.

Toussaint, Ismène. "Inauguration de l'île Gabrielle-Roy dans la rivière de la Poule-d'eau (Manitoba)." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 2.1 (printemps1990): 91-95.

On August 14, 1989, an island in the Waterhen River (rivière de la Poule-d'Eau), about 350 km north-west of Winipeg, was officially named Gabrielle-Roy Island in honor of Manitoba's greatest francophone novelist.

Trépanier, Esther. "Entre la littérature et la peinture, la montagne: l'écart entre les représentations littéraires de Montréal et la peinture d'Adrien Hébert." University of Toronto Quarterly 63.4 (Summer 1994): 551-65.

Tuchmaïer, Henri. "Bonheur d'occasion, le chasseur et sa proie." Un pays, une voix, Gabrielle Roy; colloque des 13 et 14 mai 1987. Ed. Marie-Lyne Piccione. ([Publications de la M.S.H.A., 146])[Talence, France]: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme d'Aquitaine, [1991]. 67-74.

Sponsor of the colloquium: Centre d'études canadiennes de l'Université de Michel de Montaigne-Bordeaux III.

Tuchmaier, Henri-S. "L'Evolution du roman canadien." La Revue de l'Université Laval 14.3 (novembre 1959): 235-47.

Traces the evolution of the French-Canadian novel from 1930 to the late 1950's. Names Bonheur d'occasion and Alexandre Chenevert as representative of the realism expressed in the contemporary novel.

Tufte, Leif. "Bonheur d'occasion et les avatars du réalisme." Literary Responses to Arctic Canada. Proceedings from the Third International Conference of the Nordic Association for Canadian Studies, University of Oslo, 1990. Ed. Jorn Carlsen. (The Nordic Association for Canadian Studies Text Series, 7) Lund, Sweden: The Association, 1993. 153-65.

Urbas, Jeannette. "Equations and Flutes." Journal of Canadian Fiction 1.2 (1972): 69-73.

Compares Roy's Bonheur d'occasion with Ethel Wilson's The Equations of Love.

Urbas, Jeannette. From Thirty Acres to Modern Times; The Story of French-Canadian Literature. Toronto; [...]: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1976.

Intended for the "English-speaking student and general reader," it presents a chronological overview of the history of French-Canadian literature. Chapter 5, "A Universal Theme," discusses several of Roy's works: The Tin Flute, The Cashier, Where Nests the Waterhen, Street of Riches, The Road Past Altamont, The Hidden Mountain, and Windflower. Includes a bibliography, a paragraph about Roy's life, and suggested questions for discussion.

Urbas, Jeannette. "Gabrielle Roy: auteur et critique littéraire." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 531-40.

Discusses some of Roy's thoughts revealed during four interviews Urbas had with the author between 1969 and 1979. The meetings led to discussions of some of Roy's works: Bonheur d'occasion, Rue Deschambault, and Alexandre Chenevert, and the works of other women writers Anne Hébert, Marie-Claire Blais, Margaret Laurence, Ethel Wilson, and Margaret Atwood (Canadians) and Carson McCullers (American). Urbas found that from the very first interview, Roy was very conscious of the flight of time as if she already sensed that she would die too soon to complete the body of work she envisioned.

Urbas, Jeannette. "Gabrielle Roy et l'acte de créer." Journal of Canadian Fiction 1.4 (1972): 51-54.

Drawing on five of Roy's works, Bonheur d'occasion, Rue Deschambault, La Route d'Altamont, La Rivière sans repos, and La Montagne secrète, finds that Roy's personal esthetics and her urge to create are reflected in a number of her characters such as Pierre Cadorai and Christine, who experience the feelings of opposing forces (i.e. liberation/ constraint and talent/inability to achieve perfection) as they seek artistic expression in painting or literature.

Urbas, Jeannette. "La Lente reconnaissance d'une vocation." La Production culturelle en milieu minoritaire; les actes du treizième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu au Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface les 14, 15, et 16 octobre 1993. Eds. André Fauchon, et al. Winnipeg, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1994. 331-37.

Discusses Roy's long process of arriving at decision to become a writer as described in La Détresse et l'enchantement. Compares Roy's experience to that of Christine, the narrator in Rue Deschambault, who knew at the age of 16 that she would be a writer. Points out that one reason for Roy's hesitation was having to decide whether to write in French or in English. Points out similarities and differences in the career experiences of Roy, a member of a linguistic minority, and Margaret Laurence, a writer who belonged to a linguistic majority.

Urbas, Jeannette. "Not Enough Time ... ." Atlantis 14.1 (fall/automne 1988): 164-69.

Urbas remembers Roy and relives the experience of having known her first as a doctoral student in 1969 and later as a friend.

Urbas, Jeannette. "La Recherche d'appartenance chez Gabrielle Roy." Après dix ans ... bilan et prospective; les actes du onzième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu à la Faculté Saint-Jean, Université de l'Alberta du 17 au 19 octobre 1991. Eds. Gratien Allaire, Paul Dubé, and Gamila Morcos. Edmonton, [Canada]: Institut de Recherche de la Faculté Saint-Jean, 1992. 91-97.

Approaches the question of the alienation felt by members of cultural minorities in Roy's fiction and in her autobiography, La Détresse et l'enchantement.

Urbas, Jeannette. "Reflet et révélation. La technique du miroir dans le roman canadien-français moderne." Revue de l'univeristé d'Ottawa [43?] (oct. - déc. 1973): 573-86.

Urbas devotes one page to Bonheur d'occasion with reference to the thoughts of Florentine and Rose Anna when they see their reflections in the mirror.

Urbas, Jeannette, and Lin Wilson, trans. and eds. "Saint-Henri revisited [by] Gabrielle Roy." Journal of Canadian Fiction 24 (Fall 1972): 78-88.

Brief commentary by the translators is followed by a translation of Roy's 1947 speech of acceptance upon being admitted to the Royal Society of Canada. In the speech, Roy discloses her feelings about the exploitation of the working class in both wartime and peacetime by imagining how the lives of the people on which the characters in Bonheur d'occasion were modeled were affected by World War II and its aftermath.

Vachon, Georges-André. "Chrétien ou montréalais?" Maintenant 38 (février 1965): 71-72.

Offers the premise that contemporary québécois literature is characterized by an absence of religion. Examines the characters who are priests in Alexandre Chenevert (l'aumônier de l'hôpital) and in La Petite poule d'eau (le Capucin de Toutes-Aides). Concludes that a certain form of religion is incompatible with urban life.

Vachon, Georges-André. "L'Espace politique dans le roman québécois." Recherches sociographiques 7.3 (1966): 259-79.

Discusses Bonheur d'occasion as the turning point of the québécois novel away from the ideology that defined Quebec's society as French, rural, and Catholic toward the image of a modern, industrial, and secular society. Analyzes Roy's work in terms of political and social space, contrasting her two novels set in Montreal, Bonheur d'occasion and Alexandre Chenevert, with her other works which take place largely in non-urban settings.

Vanasse, André. "Vers une solitude désespérante. La notion d'étranger dans la littérature canadienne - V." L'Action Nationale 55.7 (mars 1966): 844-51.

Examines the alienation of the characters in Bonheur d'occasion in terms of their interpersonal relations and their place in society.

van't Land, Hilligje. (See: Land, Hilligje van't)

Vaucheret, Etienne. "Le défi éducatif dans La Petite poule d'eau (1950) et Ces enfants de ma vie (1977) de Gabrielle Roy." Défi/challenge dans le roman canadien de langue française et de langue anglaise. Autour du Prix du Gouverneur Général (1959-1991). Jacques Godbout cinéaste et écrivain. Rouen 19-20 février 1993. Ed. Jacques Leclaire. (Publications de l'Université de Rouen, 194) (Association Française d'Études Canadiennes Collection de l'A.F.E.C., 4) [Rouen, France]: L'Université de Rouen, Association Française d'Études Canadiennes, and [le] Conseil Régional de Haute-Normandie, 1994. 127-37.

Thematic study of the two works published 27 years apart but both inspired by Roy's experiences as a young schoolteacher in Manitoba. The geographic locations of the schools, the relations of the parents and teachers, and the multiculturalism of Manitoba present a triple educational challenge to the teachers and their pupils in the stories.

Vaucheret, Etienne. "Un Faubourg de Montréal dans Bonheur d'occasion de Gabrielle Roy." Études canadiennes/Canadian Studies 19 (déc. 1985): 105-17.

A psychosocial study of Bonheur d'occasion. Discusses Roy's skill in revealing the difficult lives of the characters, inhabitants of Saint-Henri, a poor district of Montreal in which the novel takes place. Mentions briefly La Montagne secrète and Alexandre Chenevert as well as Roger Lemelin's Au Pied de la pente douce.

Vaucheret, Etienne. "L'Image des Inuit dans La Rivière sans repos de Gabrielle Roy." Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 3.1 (printemps 1991): 81-96.

Viatte, Auguste. Histoire comparée des littératures francophones. (Collection Nathan-Université) [Paris]: Éditions Fernand Nathan, 1980.

In Chapter 14, "La Révolution culturelle du Québec," brief mention is made of Roy and of two of her works, Bonheur d'occasion and Alexandre Chenevert.

Viau, Robert. L'Ouest littéraire: visions d'ici et d'ailleurs. Montréal: Éditions du Méridien, 1992.

Includes a chapter on Roy,"Personnages et paysages de l'Ouest dans les romans de Gabrielle Roy," p. 89-139, in which Viau examines the characters and landscapes in La Route d'Altamont, Ces enfants de ma vie, Alexandre Chenevert, Bonheur d'occasion, Un Jardin au bout du monde, La Petite poule d'eau, La Détresse et l'enchantement, Rue Deschambault and Fragiles lumières de la terre.

Viau, Robert. "Les Prairies dans trois romans de Gabrielle Roy." Après dix ans ... bilan et prospective; les actes du onzième colloque du Centre d'études franco-canadiennes de l'Ouest tenu à la Faculté Saint-Jean, Université de l'Alberta du 17 au 19 octobre 1991. Eds. Gratien Allaire, Paul Dubé, and Gamila Morcos. Edmonton, [Canada]: Institut de Recherche de la Faculté Saint-Jean, 1992. 77-89.

Studies La Route d'Altamont, Rue Deschambault, and La Petite poule d'eau.

Vigneault, Robert. "Régimes de narration dans les nouvelles de Gabrielle Roy: entre le récit et l'essai." La nouvelle au Québec. (Archives des lettres canadiennes, 9) Montréal: Fides, 1996. 87-107.

Proposes that Roy employed a hybrid literary form in her short stories by introducing characteristics of the essay into the narrative. Examines La Route d'Altamont, Ces enfants de ma vie, Cet été qui chantait, Un Jardin au bout du monde, Rue Deschambault, La Petite poule d'eau, De quoi t'ennuies-tu, Éveline?, Fragiles lumières de la terre, and Ely! Ely! Ely!. Issued by: Centre de Recherche en civilisation canadienne-française de l'Université d'Ottawa.

Viselli, Santé A. "La Montagne chez Gabrielle Roy." Études Canadiennes/Canadian Studies 31 (Dec. 1991): 97-106.

Discusses the significance of the metaphor of the mountain in four of Roy's works: Bonheur d'occasion, La Petite poule d'eau, La Montagne secrète, and La Route d'Altamont.

Voix & Images 14.3/42 (printemps 1989): 372-461.

Special issue on Gabrielle Roy. Ed. François Ricard. Includes papers by R. Robidoux, A. Sirois, J. Brault, R.M. Chadbourne, G. Marcotte, A. Brochu, E.R. Babby, P.G. Socken, B-Z. Shek, F. Ricard, and G. Michaud, which are entered under the individual names of the authors in this bibliography.

Voldeng, Évelyne. "Le Symbolisme de la montagne dans La Montagne Secrète de Gabrielle Roy et La Montagne est jeune de Han Suyin." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 629-39.

Walker, E. A. "Gabrielle Roy." Profiles in Canadian Literature. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1980-. [Vol.?]: 105-12.

Roy's life and work are presented in this biographical source. Includes a chronology of her life, quotes from her works, quotes from her critics, and two short bibliographies: "Works by Gabrielle Roy" and "Selected Criticism."

Warwick, Jack. The Long Journey; Literary Themes of French Canada. (University of Toronto Romance Series, 12) Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1968.

Chapter 4, "Quest," presents the theme of journeys. Focuses on Alexandre Chenevert and La Montagne secrète; mentions La Petite poule d'eau.

Warwick, Jack."La Montagne avant Gabrielle Roy." Études canadiennes/Canadian Studies 31 (1991): 89-96.

Weinman, Heinz. "Montréal: le défi de l'ouverture." Québec français 90 (été 1993): 95-98.

Discusses several literary works in which Montreal is the setting. Includes a few paragraphs about Bonheur d'occasion, the first modern québécois novel in which the action takes place in Montreal.

Weiss, Jonathan M. "Une Lecture américaine de Volkswagen Blues." Études françaises 21.3 (hiver 1985-86): 89-96.

Discusses resemblances between Jacques Poulin's novel, Volkswagen Blues and Roy's De quoi t'ennuies-tu, Éveline?, each a story of a trip from Canada to California and a quest for meaning.

Whitaker, Muriel. "The Innocent Eye: Perceptive Children in Canadian Prairie Fiction." The Voice of the Narrator in Children's Literature: Insights from Writers and Critics. Eds. Charlotte F. Otten and Gary D. Schmidt. (Contributions to the Study of World Literature, 28) New York; [...]: Greenwood, 1989. 287-94.

Compares and contrasts works with child protagonists by Roy and three other Canadian authors who grew up in the prairie provinces between the period of settlement and World War II. Rue Deschambault is studied, focusing on Christine, the narrator.

Whiteway, Doug. "Roy Valued Prairie Roots." The Winnipeg Free Press July 15, 1983: [pagination unavailable].

Article on the life and death of Gabrielle Roy and on the sale of her childhood home on rue Deschambault in Saint-Boniface, Manitoba.

Whitfield, Agnes. "Alexandre Chenevert: cercle vicieux et évasions manquées." Voix et images du pays 8 (1974): 107-25.

Studies the structure of the suffering of Alexandre Chenevert. Likens the character's interior space to three concentric circles moving from the center outward: le désert, le cercle d'amis, and le globe.

Whitfield, Agnès. "L'Autobiographie au féminin: identité et altérité dans La Détresse et l'enchantement de Gabrielle Roy." Mélanges de littérature canadienne-française et québécoise offerts à Réjean Robidoux. Eds. Yolande Grisé and Robert Major. [Ottawa]: Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1992. 391-404.

Whitfield, Agnes. "Gabrielle Roy as Feminist: Re-Reading the Critical Myths." Canadian Literature 126 (autumn 1990): 20-31.

Analyzes arguments of scholarly critics of Roy's fiction, which has been historically viewed as representing maternal virtues and traditional feminine roles as the ideal, and proposes that this is a tenacious myth. Roy was concerned with sexual equality and this is reflected in both her female and male characters in Bonheur d'occasion and her other works.

Whitfield, Agnès. "Gabrielle Roy et Gérard Bessette: quand l'écriture rencontre la mémoire." Voix et Images 9.3 (printemps 1984): 129-41.

In Roy's Ces enfants de ma vie and Bessette's Le Semestre, analyzes similarities and differences regarding the role of memory.

Whitfield, Agnès. "Gabrielle Roy's Children of My Heart or Portrait of the Artist as a Young Woman." Redefining Autobiography in Twentieth-Century Women's Fiction: An Essay Collection. Eds. Janice Morgan and Colette T. Hall. (Gender and Genre in Literature) (Garland reference library of the humanities, 1386) New York: Garland, 1991. 209-25.

Discusses the male characters in Ces enfants de ma vie and advocates reappraisal of Roy as a traditionalist on women's issues.

Whitfield, Agnès. "L'Oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy et la critique." Lettres Québécoises 37 (printemps 1985): 62-63.

Discusses critical appraisal of Roy's fiction in Québec, in the rest of Canada, and in the USA. Focuses specifically on two publications: The Literary Vision of Gabrielle Roy by Paula Gilbert Lewis and a special issue of Etudes littéraires (winter 1984) which included articles by François Ricard, Carole Melançon, and Antoine Sirois on the subject of the critical reception of Roy's works.

Whitfield, Agnès. "Relire Gabrielle Roy, écrivaine." Queen's Quarterly 97.1 (Spring 1990): 53-66.

The posthumous publication of La Détresse et l'enchantement and Ma chère petite soeur; lettres à Bernadette, 1943-1970 opens new avenues of study and thus invites Roy's critics to reexamine their judgments of her masculine and feminine characters.

Whitfield, Agnès. "Vision et création chez Gabrielle Roy: le regard réciproque." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 271-85.

Focusing on La Détresse et l'enchantement, discusses the regard réciproque. Reviews the ideas of others who have studied this phenomenon in Roy's fictional works: Morency (1985), Babby (1985), Bourbonnais (1988), and Smart (1988)

Wiktorowicz, Cécilia. "De la constitution passionnelle du sujet «écrivain» à l'émergence de la forme intimiste chez Gabrielle Roy." Les Figures de l'écrit; relecture de romans québécois des Habits Rouges aux Filles de Caleb. Eds. Louise Milot and Fernand Roy. Québec, [Canada]: Nuit Blanche Editeur, 1993. 143-76.

Wiktorowicz, Cécilia. "Fonctions et signification du narrataire autobiographique chez Gabrielle Roy." Entre l'histoire et le roman; la littérature personnelle: actes du séminaire de Bruxelles (16-17 mai 1991). Ed. Madeleine Frédéric. Bruxelles: Université Libre de Bruxelles, [1992].

Studies La Détresse et l'enchantement, Roy's autobiography.

Wiktorowicz, Cécilia. "Gabrielle Roy: Cohérence du parcours littéraire et espace autobiographique." Québec Studies 27 (Spring/Summer 1999): 46-61.

Works discussed: La Route d'Altamont, La Rivière sans repos, Ces enfants de ma vie, Cet été qui chantait, Alexandre Chenevert, Bonheur d'occasion, Un Jardin au bout du monde, Rue Deschambault, La Montagne secrète, La Petite poule d'eau, De quoi t'ennuies-tu, Éveline?, La Détresse et l'enchantement, Fragiles lumières de la terre, and Le Temps qui m'a manqué as well as several other writings of Roy.

Wiktorowicz, Cécilia. "Retracer les configurations de la culpabilité et de la réparation dans La détresse et l'enchantement." Colloque international «Gabrielle Roy». Actes du colloque soulignant le cinquantième anniversaire de Bonheur d'occasion 27-30 septembre 1995. Ed. André Fauchon. Saint-Boniface, [Canada]: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1996. 181-204.

Wilhelm, Bernard. "Un Début de littérature francophone dans l'Ouest canadien." Language, Culture, and Curriculum 1.3 (1988): 233-41.

In this overview of the evolution of francophone literature in western Canada, Roy is named as one of the three most important French-Canadian authors who wrote about the West. Mentions Un Jardin au bout du monde.

Williams, David. Confessional Fictions; A Portrait of the Artist in the Canadian Novel. Toronto; Buffalo; London: University of Toronto Press, 1991.

In Chapter 8, "Imagism and Spatial Form in The Road Past Altamont," Williams studies Roy's imagery of time and space in this work. Compares Roy's treatment of time with that of Proust. Other works by Roy are mentioned, including La Détresse et l'enchantement and Rue Deschambault.

Wyczynski, Paul. "Vers le roman-poème." Incidences 8 (mai 1965): 31-38.

Names La Montagne secrète as one of several examples of poetic novels written by French-Canadian authors.

Wyczynski, Paul, Jean Ménard, and John Hare, eds. Recherche et littérature canadienne-française. Colloque tenu à l'Université d'Ottawa, 25 et 26 octobre 1968. (Cahiers du Centre de recherche en littérature canadienne-française, 2) Ottawa: Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1969.

At this colloquium on teaching and research related to French-Canadian literature, Roy is identified by Jacques Cotnam as one of the authors whose works are frequently studied in Canadian universities. Cotnam's paper is entered above under his name.

Wyczynski, Paul, et al. Le Roman canadien-français: évolution, témoignages, bibliographie. (Archives des lettres canadiennes; 3) 2e éd. Montréal: Fides, 1971.

Includes a short interview with Roy accompanied by a brief biographical sketch. Roy is mentioned elsewhere in the narrative discussing the evolution of the French-Canadian novel. Includes a bibliography, "Bibliographie du roman canadien-français, 1837-1962", by John E. Hare, p. [415]-511.

UpdatedAugust 9, 2002

Gabrielle Roy: An Annotated Bibliography and Guide to Studies about the Author and her Works

Compiled and Annotated by Marjorie A. Benedict, Associate Librarian
The University at Albany, State University of New York

Theses

Books and Articles

Gabrielle Roy: An Annotated Bibliography and Guide to Studies about the Author and her Works

Compiled and Annotated by Marjorie A. Benedict, Associate LibrarianThe University at Albany, State University of New York

Theses

Books and Articles

Compiled and Annotated by Marjorie A. Benedict, Associate Librarian
The University at Albany, State University of New York