What is a Network?
A computer network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers or scanner, etc.), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on the network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.
There are three basic types of networks:
Network Architecture
Network architecture describes how a computer network is arranged and how the resources are coordinated and shared.
Networking Terminology
Node
A node is any device that is connected to a network. It could be a computer, printer, or data storage device.
Client
A client is a node that requests and uses resources available from other nodes. Typically, a client is a user's microcomputer.
Server
A server is a node that shares resources with other nodes. Depending on the resources shared, it may be called a file server, printer server, communication sever, Web server, or database server.
Network Operating System (NOS)
Microcomputer operating systems interact with a single computer and its applications. On the other hand, network operating systems (NOSs) control and coordinate the activities between multiple computers on a network. These activities include electronic communications and sharing of information and resources.
Distributed Processing
In a distributed processing system, computing power is located and shared at different locations. This type of system is common in decentralized organizations where divisional offices have their own computer systems. The computer systems in the divisional offices are networked to the organization's main or centralized computer.
Host Computer
A host computer is a large centralized computer, usually a minicomputer or a mainframe.
Cable
Transmission medium of copper wire or optical fiber wrapped in a protective cover.
Backbone
A cable to which multiple nodes or workstations are attached.
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