Hofer TP, Kerr EA, Hayward RA. What is an error? Eff Clin Prac. 2000; 3(6): 261-269.

An attempt to identify existing definitions of error; to determine the major issues in measuring error; and to present recommendations for how best to proceed.

Leape L. The Preventability of Medical Injury. In: Bogner MS, ed. 'Human Error in Medicine.' Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., 1994:13-24.

All medical staff are trained to be careful, but there are instances where accidental injuries, or iatrogenic, may occur. Discussed are the types of iatrogenic injuries, and the causes of them, such as error in diagnosis. There are many reasons that may lead to accidental injury to patients and there have been serious efforts for injury prevention for patients.

Reason J. Combating omission errors through task analysis and good reminders. Qual Saf Health Care. 2002;11:40-44.

The paper reports two studies that discuss the impact of leaving out necessary task steps and its impact on error. The studies focused on photocopier errors and memory aids. A management program is outlined and it's applicability to a variety of programs.