Category of heroines encompasses a broad range of figures. Concise definition, therefore, is impossible. Critical element is existence of cult. Figures for whom no cult is attested such as Prokne, Philomela, Antigone, should be excluded. Some of these may have had a cult, but no evidence yet discovered.

In Hellenistic period we see rise of ruler cult and routine heroization of queens and courtesans.

Attic drama and heroic cult exhibit highly systematic and consistent patterns of family relationships.

Cult heroines either exist in a familial association with a male figure or stand independently. Independent heroines:

1. Virgins who often appear in role of sacrificial victims.

2. Heroines who have been torn from their familial context by disasters.

3. Amazons who overtly reject Greek-style family ties

4. Heroines who exist only in cult aetiologies (e.g. Charilla at Delphi)

Further types: heroines who have reached stature of goddesses,e.g. Ino-Leukothea

Heroines who have multiple cults (Ariadne, Ino, Semele) may play a heroic role in one locale anda divine role in another. E.g. Semele has a cult of the heroic type at Thebes where her tomb is shown as focal point of the sancutary of Dionysos. However she exists independently of her son at the Herois festival at Delphi where she plays role of an ascending fertility goddess like Persephone.

When a hero is worshiped apart from the tomb, this usually coincides with the popularization of the cult and the raising of the cult figure to divine status, e.g. Herakles, Dioskouroi.

Other instances involve competition among locales so that more than one claims to possess the remains, e.g., Alkmene

In more elaborate structure, cult images were occasionally present. Alexandra/Kassandra had a cult image (agalma) in her hieron at Amyklai (Pausanias 3.19..6)

Alkmene had what was probably an old aniconic image in her heroon at Thebes. More often images of heroines stood in the sanctuaries of deities: Aspalis’ statue stood beside that of Artemis,Chloris’ beside that of Leto.

Banqueting was an activity carried out in honor of both gods and heroic figures as the natural end of sacrifice. Annual sacrific a characteristic of cult.

Catalogue of Cult Heroines

Aglauros. Daughter of Kekrops. Her self-sacrifice, Dem. 19.303; Hdt. 8.53

Alexandra. Probably an indigenous goddess but became identified with Kassandra; Sanctuary at Amyklai, with tomb of Agamemnon, Paus. 3.19.6.

Alkestis. Possible cult mentioned in Eur., Alc. 449; 995-1005.

Alkmene. Mother of Herakles. Cult places: heroon at Thebes, Ant. Lib. Met. 33; cf. Paus. 9.16.4; tomb at Megara, Paus. 1.41.1; tomb at Haliartos, Plut. De gen. 577e-579a. Cult in Attica: in Athens, at Kynosarages, altar to Alkmene and Iolaos in the Herakleion, Paus. 1.19.3; at Aixone, priestess of Hebe and Alkmene, IG II 1199; atThorikos, sacrifice with Herakles in Elaphebolion; in Salminioi decree, sacrifice in Mounychion with Kourotrophos, Iolaos, Maia, Herakles, and three other heroes.

Alope. Daughter of the Kerkyon whom Theseus killed. Bore Hippothoon, one of the tribal eponymoi, to Poseidon and was put to death by her father. Tomb on road out of Eleusis. Paus. 1.39.3.

Amphione. The couple Phoinix and Amphione are invoked in the oath of Dreros on Crete, Buck (1955), lines 30-31 (third to second century B.C.).

Amphisse. Daughter of Makarand lover of Apoloo; eponym of Amphisse in Ozolian Lokris. Her tomb is one of the city’s most memborablesights, Paus. 10.398.3.

Anaia. Amazon buried at a place of the same name, opposite Samos. Ephoros, FGrH 70 F 166; Thuc. 4.75.1.

Andromache. Mother of Pergamos by Helenos. Herron in Pergamos, Paus. 1.11.2.

Anonymous Heroine – Aixone. Inscription mentions perquisite for the priestess of the Heroine, IG II 1356.

Anonymous Heroine – Attica. Inscription of first half of fifth century B.C.; fragment of an Athenian cult calendar,records offering.IG I 840.

Anonymous Heroine – Ephesos. A woman hanged herself and was dressed by the goddess in her own divine clothing and called Hekate. Eust. Od. 12.85

Anonymous Heroine – Patrai. Paus. 7.21.2:”Near the theatre at Patrai is a precinct sacred to a native woman. Here are images of Dionysos.

Anonymous Heroine – Trozen. Dedication by the demioorgoi and the prytanies to the heroissa, possibly Phaidra? Legrand (1893) 94-95.

Anonymous Heroines – Attic Orgeones. Orgeonic inscription, Ferguson (1944) 73-79, decrees sacrifice by the orgeones to Echos and “the Heroines whose locale is near the property of Kalliphanes.”

Anonymous Heroines – Erchia calendar. LSCG 18; Daux (1963); Heroines receive a sheep in Metageitnion. Heriones receive a sheep in Pyanopsion.

Anonymous Heroines – Libya/Kyrene. Daimones of agricultural fertility whose cult title was “Heroines.” Anth. Pal. 6.225; Ap.Rhod. Argon. 4.1309 passim; Calim.fr. 602.

Anonymous Heroines – Tetrapolis Calendar. IG II 1358. Six anonymous heroies are paired with heroies. One independent heroine in Posideion.

Anonymous Heroines – Thera, IG XII fasc.3 Suppl., 1340.

Anonymous Heroines – Thorikos Calendar.(1) Anonymous Heroiens of Thorikos. Receive a atrapezain the Thorikos deme calendar, Daux (1983) 153, line 30, lines 18-19. Paired with the hero Thorikos. (2) Anonymous Heroines of Hyperpedios. Receive a trapeza, lines 48-49. Paired with the hero Hyperpedios. (3) Anonymous Heroines, Pylochian. Receive a trapeza, lines 50-51. Pairaed with Pylochos, “gate holder.” (4) Anonymous Heroies of Koroneians. Receive a sheep; added to stone later. Name may refer to Boiotian Koroneia or a promontory Koroneia nearThorikos.

Antinoe. Daughter of Kepheus, guided by asnake to found Mantineia. Tomb there called the Public Hearth, Paus. 8.8.4, 8.9.5.

Antiope (1) Mother of Amphion and Zethos. Shares a tombwith Phokos in Tithorea in the district of Phokis. Their tomb has a ritual relationship with the tomb of her sons in Thebes. Paus. 9.17.3; 10.32,7. (2) An Amazon, once the wife of Theseus, whose tomb was in Athens. Paus. 1.2.1; PL 364a-365a.

Araithyrea. Daughter of the founder ofPhliasia, Aras. Buriedwith or near her abrother Aoris and honored together with brother and father before the celebration of Demeter’s mysteries. Paus. 2.12.4-5.

Ariadne. Grave at Argos associatedwith Dionysos. Paus. 2.23.8; grave andcult at Cypriot Amathous and cult at Naxos, Plut. Thes. 20. Ariadneia festiva at Oinoe in Lokris, Diod. Sic. 5.51,4; Aratus, Phaen. 72 with school.

Arsinoe. Daughter of Leukippos. Her sanctuary in Sparta by the Hellenion, Paus. 3.12.8. According to the Messenians, mother of Asklepios. Fountain called after her in marketkplace at Messsene, Paus. 4.31.6.

Aspalis. Phthian girl who hanged herself to escape being raped by a tyrant. Her body disappeared and was replaced by a statue beside that of Artemis. Her cult name was Aspalis Ameilete Hekaerge. Acxtion for a ritual in which the virgins hang a virgin kiid from her xoanon. Ant. Lib. Met. 13.

Astykrateia and Manto. Daughters of the seer Polyeidos, buried beside the entrance to the sanctuary of Dionysos in Megara. Paus. 1.43.5.

Auge. Daughter of the Arkadian king Aleos who bore Telephos to Herakles. Tomb at Pergamos on the Kaikos, Paus. 8.4.9.. The Tegeans call Eileithya Auge-on-her-kneews because Auge gave birth on the site of Eileithyias temple, Paus. 8.48.7. Ssanctuary or tomb of Telephos also at Pergamos, Paus. 5.13.3.

Autonoe. Daughter of Kadmos. Migrated to Ereneia in Megara out of grief at Aktaion’s death and the other disasters of her family. Her tomb there, Paus. 1.44.8.

Basile. Attiac heroine or goddess. Sanctuary with Kodros and Neleus in Athens. IG I 84, Hesperia 7 (1938) 123, no. 25; Pl. Chrm. 153a. Offerings in Erchia calendar, Boedromion 4; deme of Eitea, AD 25 (1970) 209-10 restored; IG II 4546 (Basileia).

Baubo. Wife of Dysaules and mother of Mise. Connected with cult of Demeter and ritual obscenity, SEG 16.478.

Blaute. A heroine of Athens? Blaute and a hero epi Balute are mentioned by Poll. 7.87; a chapel of Blaute and Kourotrophos is mentioned in an inscription from the acropolis, IG II 5183. There is also a fourth century relief from the acropolis showing a serpent and sandal, IG II 4423.

Britomartis. Also known as Diktynna on Crete and as Aphaia at Aigina. Fled into a grove to excape Minos and disappeared there. Her sanctuary lies in the grove at Aigina and she is called Aphaia and worshiped as a god. Ant.Lib. Met. 40; Paus. 2.30.3. Pausanians compares her to other humans who wee raised to the rank of deity, including Aristaios, Herakles, amphiaraos and the Dioskouroi (8.2.4). Temple in Crete, Strab. 10.4.13.

Charilla. Name of heroine and festifal celebrated by Delphians every eight years. The aetion said that as the king was rationing food during a famine, an orphan girl approached him. He struck heer with his shoe and she hanged herself in shame. The Pythia told the king that he must appease Charilla, so the ritual was instituted in which the king strikes an effigy of her with his shoe. It is then buried in a chasm with a rope around its neck. Plut. Quaest. Graec. 293.

Child Heroes (1) Children in Kaphyai tied a rope around the neck of Artemis’ image and were stoned to death by the people. An oracle from Delphi commanded that they receive a hero cult and that the image becalled Strangled Artemis. Paus. 8.23.6-7. (2) Children of Chalkis wee killed for “selling” a clod of earth to an invader. Their tomb is called the “tomb of the children,” Pult. Quaest. Graec. 296de. (3) Children of Amphion, separate tombsfor boys and girls, Paus. 9.16.4.(4) Medeia’s children were stoned to death by the Corinthians; caused Corinthian infants to die until annual sacrifices were instituted, Paus. 2.3.6. Pausanias has two sons, witle other accounts have equal number of sons and daughters.

Chloris. Daughter of Amphion and Niobe; had statue beside that of Leto in the goddess’s temple at Argos, and they appear on coins together. Chloris is also called Melibia. Paus. 2.21.20.

Choreia. A maenad who marched with Dionysos to Argos anddied in the battle against Perseus. Her tomb, separate from the other bacchants, Paus. 2.20.3.

Daeira/ Daira. Possibly an epithet of Persephone, but also entered human genealogy as mother of hero Eleusis by Hermes. Paus. 1..38.7; wife of Eumolpos and mother of Immaros, Clem. Al. Protr. 3.45. Honored in Marathon calendar, B 11-12, at the Eleusinion at Paiania (IG 1 250.15-16) and at Eleusis, Eust. Il. 6.648; Poll. 1.35.

Damia and Auxesia. Female daimones worshiped at Aegina, Trozen, Epidauros, and Lakonia. In Trozen they were supposed to be maidens who died by stoning in a factionfight and were honored with the Lithobolia, Paus. 2.32,2. At Aigina they had choruses of women, Hdt. 5.83; cf. Hdt. 5. 82-87.

Danaids. Daughters of the Argive kingDanaos. Possibly they had graves on Lindos, where three were said to havedied. They discovered the wells of Lerna, Strab. 8.6.7-8; Eust. Il. 4.171 = Hes. Fr. 128 M.-W.

Daughters of Antipoinos. Androkleia and Alkis, daughters of the Theban noble Antipoinos, sacrificed themselves to ensure victory over Orchomenos. Tomb in sanctuary of Artemis Eukleia and honors from the Thebans, Paus. 9.17.1.

Daughters of Kekrops. See Aglauros, Pandrosos (no cult attensted for Herse).

Daughters of Keleos. Kallidike, Kleisidke, Demo, and Kallithoe (Hymn. Hom. Cer. 109-10) or Giogeneia, Pammerope, and Saisara (Paus. 1.38.3). Met Demeter by the well. Tomb at Eleusis, Clem. Al. Protr. 3.45.2; Arn. Adv. Nat. 6.6.

Daughters of Leos. Euboule, Praxithea or Phasithea, and Theope, daughters of the Athenian eponymous hero Leos. They were sacrificed to end famine or plague and had a temple called the Leokoreion in the agora. Ael. VH 12.28; Pesudo-Demosthenes 60. 29. Diod. Sic. 17.15; Suda, Phot. Bibl.sv.

Daughters of Pelias. Came to live in Arkadia after Medeia tricked them into killing their father; tombs in Mantineia, Paus. 8.11.1-3.

Daughters of Skedasos. Maidens of Leuktra in Boiotia who killed themselves were were killed after being raped by Lakedaimonians. Many years later, sacrifice to them allowed victory of the Boiotians over athe Spartans. Paus. 9.13.3 has Epaminondas as the Boiotian commander; the story is also told of Pelopidas, Plut. Pel. 20-21; Mor. 773b-774d.

Deianeira. Wife of Herakles; grave at foot of Mount Oita where he was immolataed. Paus. 2.23.5. Argives also claimed heretomb, Paus. 2.23.5.

Deiope. Mother of Eumolpos who founded the Eleusinian Mysteries; tomb at Eleusis with inscribed stele. Arist. 843b.

Diomeneia. Cult uncertain. Daughter of Arkas; bronze statue of herstood in marketplace of Mantineia, Paus. 8.9.9.

Dirke. Wife of Lykos, rival ofAntiope. Secret tomb at Thebes with rites held when the new archon takes over, Plut. De gen. 578b.

Elare. Cult uncertain. Daughter of Orkomenos, mother of Tityos, hidden under the earth after impregnation by Zeus. Cave called the Elareion on Euboia with heroon of Titiyos. Strab. 9.3.14.

Elektra. Daughter of Agamemnon and Klytaimnestra, tomb at Mycenae, Paus. 2.16.5.

Elektryone. Daughter of Rhodos and Helios; died a maiden and had heroic honors on Rhodes. Diod. Sic. 5.56; cf.Pind. Ol. 7.24.

Epione. Wsife of Asklepios usually honored in family groups of Asklepios; her statue in his precinct at Epidauros, Paus. 2.29.1; priestessof Epione at Kos.

Erigone. Daughtaer of Ikarios, connected with Dionysos and the origin of the Aiora. Sacrifice to her and Ikarios, Ael. NA 7.28; first-fruit offering to both. Hyg. Fab.130; song in honor of Erigone, Ath. 14.618; Poll. 4.55; Apollod. Bibl. 3.14.7. Or, daughater of Aigisthos and Klytaimnestra who hanged herself when Orestes was acquitted. Etym .Magn. Marm. Par. A 25.

Eriphyle. Daughter of Talaos, wifeofAmphiaraos. Tomb in sanctuary of Amphiaraos at Argos beside the “house of Adrastos,” Paus. 2.23.2.

Eudosia. Woman named on Attic Totenmahl relief of the fourth century B.C., inscribed, “Agathon dedicataed (it) to the hero Bouthon and the heroine Eudosia,” IGII 4591.

Eukleia. Daughter of Herakles andMyrto. Died a maiden. Honored by Boiotians and Lokrians with altar and statue in the agora and sacrifices before marriage by menand women, Plut. Aristides 20.5. Also epithet of Artemis.

Europe. Beloved of Zeus and mother of Minos, Rhadamanthos and Sarpedon. Worshiped in Hellotia festival in Crete, Ath. 6798a.

Founder Heroines. IG IX 2.1129 (Demetreias in Magnesia).

Galinthias. Heroine who aided in Herakles’ birth. Thebans sacrificed to her before the festival of Herakles, Nicander in Ant. Lib. Met. 29. She was changed into a weasel by Hera and the weasel was honored, Ael. NA 12.4; Clem. Al. Protr. 2.39.6.

Gorge. Daughter of Oineus, sister of Meleager and Deianeira, wife of Andraimon. Apollod. Bibl. 1.8.1. Buried with Andraimon in Amphisse, Paus. 10.38.3.

Gorgophone. Daughter of Perseus. Tomb at Argos besidea mound containing Medousa’s head, Paus. 2.21.8; Apollod. Bibl. 1.9.5; 3.10.3.

Habrote. Cult uncertain. Wife of Nisos of Megara. On her death her husband ordered all the women to wear a garment in her honor. This practice was reinforced by the oracle of Apollo, Plut. Quaest. Graec. 295ab.

Halia. Sister of the Telchines on Rhodes. She was raped by her own sons, threw herself into the sea, and was worshiped by the Rhodians as Leukothea, Diod. Sic. 5.55.

Harmonia. Wife of Kadmos. Bridal chamber in prehistoric house of Kadmos on the Theban acropolis. Paus. 9. 12.3. Tomb, Strab. 1.2.39. Cult in Illyria, Ap. Rhod. Argon. 4.516; Ath. 462b. In Samothrace, school. Eru. Phoen. 8.

Harpalyke. (1) Daughter of Thracian king Harpalykos, raised as a huntress. Ritual games by shepherds at her grave. Serv. On Verg Aen. 317; Hyg. Fab. 193, 252; (2) Virgin who killed self over unrequited love. Singing contest in her honor.. Ath. 619e.

Hekabe. Wife of Priam of Troy. Tomb near the cape called Kynossema. Strab. 13.1.28; Book 7 fr. 56; Tomb in Troad, schol. Lycooph. 315;Pliny NH 4.11.49; Amm.Marc. 22.8.4; Auson. Epigrammata 25. Grave in Sicily, school. Lycoph. 1181. Grave on Thracian Chersonese, school. Lycoph. 330. Cf. Eur. Hec. 1259-65.

Hekale. Hostess of Theseus, eponym of Attic deme, honored at festival of Hekalesia, Plut. Thes. 14.

Helen. Daughter of Tyndareos. Temple at Therapne, Hdt. 6.61. Temple with Menelaos at Therapne, Paus. 3.19.9. Sancatuary in Sparta, Paus.3.15.3. Menelaos and Helen worshiped as gods at Sparta, Isoc. 10.63. Sanctuary of Helen Dendritis at Rhodes, Paus. 3.19.9-10. Wife ofAchilles on the White Isle, Pauis. 3.19.11-13.Phantoms of Helen and Dioskouroi turn back Arstomenes, Paus. 4.16.9. In Attica, Thorikos calendar, lines 37-38.

Helike. Cult uncertain. Boundary stone, IG I 864, was taken by early editors to refer to asanctuary of the heroine Helike, by Meritt to refer to a willow tree, Hesperia 8 (1939) 77-79; Hesperia 35 (1966), 176-77. Helike in mythology was the eponomos of the city Helike in Achaia, daughter of Selinous and wife of Ion, Paus. 7.1.3.

Helle. Sister of Phrixos who fell into the Hellespont. Tomb, Hdt. 7.58,2; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 9.1.

Hellotis/ Hellotia. (1) Name under which Europe was honored at a festival on Crete; her bones carried in a wreath, Ath. 678a; Etym. Magn. Sv; (2) One of the daughters of Timandros, the last non-Dorian king of Corinth, who died with her sister(s) when the Dorians invaded. Propiriatory cult commanded by the oracle, school. Pind. Ol. 113.56. The other daughtersd were Eurytione, Chryse, and Kotyto.

Hemithea. (1) Molpadia, daughater of Staphylos, jumped with sister Parthenos off a cliff and both became goddesses in Karian Chersonese. Molpadia’s name was changed to Hemithea. Parathenos had a temple in Boubastos, and Hemithea had one in Kastabos where she cured illnesses by incubation, Diod. Sic. 5.62. (2) Sister of Tennes, the hero of the island Tenedos, honored with brother? Puas. 10.14.2.

Herkyna. Daughter or companion of Trophonios at Lebadeia, also epithet of Demeter, Hsch., sv., Lycoph. 153 with school. Temple of Herkyna on river by same name, cultimages of Trophonios and Herkyna, Paus. 9.39.2.

Heroic Families. At Tarentum they sacrificed to the Atreidai, the Tydeidai, the Aiakidai, the Laertiadai, and the Agamemnonidai. Did they include only the male members of the families? Women were not permitted to taste of these sacrifices. Arist. 840a.

Herophile. A name given to the Sibyls by later authors. At Alexandria Troas there was a tradition that the Sibyl Herophile was a temple servant of Apollo and had her tomb in the precinct of ApolloSmintheus. Paus. 10.12.3. This cult of Hellenistic date.

Hesione. At Thebes a marble altar was found inscribed with the name, IG VI 2454. This Hesione could be the daughter of Laomedon, or the wife of Atlas or Prometheus, Aesch. PV 560; one of the Kabeiroi at Thebes was called Promehteus, Paus. 9.25.6.

Hippodameia. Daughter of Oinomaos and wife of Pelops. Sanctuary at Olympia which only women maiy enter; sacrifice and other rites, Paus. 6.20.7. Tomb moved from Midea to Olympia, Paus. 6.20.7. Chorus for Hippodameia arranged by the Sixteen Women of Elis, Paus. 5.16. 4-6.

Hippolyte. Amazon who escaped to Megara after the attack on Athens and there died of grief. Her tomb is shaped like an Amazon shield, Paus. 1.41.7.

Hyakinthides. (1) The daughters of Erichtheus, who died to ensure the victory of Athens in the Eleusinian War. Cult at tomb, details in Eur. Erechtheus fr. 65, 67ff. Annual sacrifice of bulls, choruses of young girls, wineless libation. Hyakinthion of uncertain location in Attica, IG II 1035.52. Connection with Dionysos, Philochorus FGrH 328F 12. Cult title Parthenoi, Suda, Phot. Bibl.sv. (2) Daugthers of the Lakonian Hyakinthos, sacrified at the tomb of Geraistos the Cyclops in response to an oracle when Minos besieged the city. Apollod. Bibl. 3.15.8; Hyg. Fab. 238.2.

Hygieia. Cult partner/daughter of Asklepios. Cult statue atTitane with offerings, Paus. 2.11.6.

Hyperborean Maidens. Maidens who came to Delos beariang the offerings of the Hyperboreans to Apollo and died there. ;(1) Hyperoche and Laodike worshiped at tombin precinct of Aretemis; hair offerings by both sexes before marriage,Hdt. 4.33-34; (2) Arge and Opis worshiped at tomb behind temple of Artemis; ritual begging and hymn sung by Delian women; ashes from Artemis’ altar sprinkled on tomb, Hdt. 4.34. Callimachus has hair offeriang to Oupis, Hekaerge, and Loxo, Del. 278-99.

Hypermnestra. (1) Mother of Amphiaroaos. Tomb in Argos. Paus. 2.21.2. (2) Daughter of Danaos and wifeofLunkeus, buried in tomb with Lynkeus near sanctuary of Artemis dedicataed by her. Paus.. 2.21.2. Among Argive dedications at Delphi area statues of Hypermnestra and Lynkeus, Paus. 10.10.2. Statue base with Hypermnestra’s name, IG IV 655.

Hyrnetho. Daughter of Temenos. Eponym of the tribe called the Hyrnethioi at Argos, a fourth tribe created to accommodate the non-Dorians. She was killed in a rivalry between her husband and herabrothers. Hyrnethion, her heroon in Epidauros with sacred gove, Paus. 2.28.3. Claimby Argos to have the tomb ofHyrnetho, Paus. 2.23.3.

Iasile. Attic heroine worshiped in connection with the hero Echelos. Meritt (1942) 282-87.

Ino-Leukothea. Daughter of Kadmos. Lamentation and sacrifice (at Thebes?), Xenophanes in Arist. Rh. 1440b5; Plut. Mor. 228e. Tomb at Megara, Paus. 1.42.8. Moloourian rock where Ino leapt into sea between Megara and Corinth, Paus. 1.44.ll. Statue in shrine of Palaimon at Corinth, Paus. 2.2.1. Grotto ofIno as Dionysos’ nurse at Prasiai, Paus. 3.24.4. Swater of Ino in South Lakonia, festival with augury at lake, Paus. 3.23.8. Sacred spot wehre Ino emerged as Leukothea on coast of Messenia, Paus. 4.34.4. Boys’ race at Miletos, Konon, FGrH 26F 1.33.

Iodama. Priestess of Athene Itonia who was turned to stone when the goddess appeared to her wearing the aegis. Altari in the temple in Boiotia with daily offerings offire, Paus. 9.34.1.

Iphigeneia. Daughter of Klytaimnestra and Agamemnon (Cypria 1.59 Davies [1988]32), or in Attica, daughter of Theseus and Helen (Stesichorus, Poetae Meli Graeci, ed.D.L. Page [Oxford 1962]191; Douris, FGrH 76 F92). Heroon at Megara, Paus. 1.43.1. Cult at Brauron, Eur. IT 1462-67. Temple of Artemis at Aigera with statue of Iphegeneia, Paus. 7. 26.3. Artemis Iphigeneia at Herminoe, Paus. 2.35.2.

Iphimedeia. Daughter of Aloeus, mother of Otos and Ephialtes by Poseidon. Her tomb shown at Anthedon with that of her sons, Paus. 9.22.5. Worshiped at Mulasia in Karia, Roscher, sv.

Iphinoe. (1) Daughter of Alkathous of Megara, died young. Libations and hair offerings brought to her tomb by maidens before marriage. Paus. 1.43.4. (2) Daughter of Proitos, died at Sikyon as she and heer sisters were being chased by Melampous. Apollod. Bibl. 2.2.2. Bronze plaque of the fourth century marking burial place ofIphinoe in agora at Sikyon, SEG 15. 195.

Kallirhoe. Cult uncertain. A Kalydonian maiden. When she spurned the love of Dionysos’ priest Koresos, he prayed to the god who sent a plague and demanded the girl as a sacarifice. But Koresos out of love killed himself in her place. She remorsefully took her own life at a spring which bears her name. Paus. 7.21.1.

Kallisto. Mother of Arkas, eponomos of Arkadia. Tomb at Trikolonoi in Arkadia, a mound of earth with sanctuary of Artemis Kalliste on topo. Paus. 8.35.8. Kallisto katasterized by Zeus, Apolod. Bibl. 3.8.2; Paus. 7,3,6.

Kassandra. Shrine at Amyklai, where she was called Alexandra, Paus. 3.19.6. Tomb at Amyklai, Paus. 2.16.5. Tomb at Mycenae, Paus. 2.16.5. Shrine as Alexandra atLeuktra in Lakonia, Paus. 3.26.5. Kassandra prophesies that she will be worshiped after death by the Daunians of Apulia, Lycoph. Alex. 1128.

Kerdo. Wife of the Argive culture hero Phoroneus. Tombat Argos, Paus. 2.21.1.

Kirke. Daughter of Helios and Perseis; hostesss of Odysseus. Tomb and temple of Kirke near Antiium. Strab. 5.3.6. Tomb near Pharmakyssa, Strab. 9.1.13.

Kleometra. Lover of Melanchros. The pair were stoned to death and had a tomb at Argos, Deinias in school. Eur. Or. 872.

Kleonike. Maiden of Byzantium murdered by the Lakedaimonian general Pausanias, according to one version of his story. Paus. 3.17.7-9. Kelonike herself did not havce a cult, but the Lakedaimonians set up statues to ward off the wrath of Zeus Hikesios because of the murder.

. (1) Mother of Homer according to people of Ios. Tomb, Paus. 10.24.3. (2) Wife of Diktys; together they were known as the Saviors of Perseus. Altar of Diktysand Klymene in temenos of Perseus of uncertain location (Athens?), Paus. 2.18.1. Klymene was first person in Attica to sacrifice a pig, Porph. Abst. 2.9.

Klytaimnestra. Cult uncertain. Buried with Aigisthos in Mycenae “outside the wall,” Paus. 2.16.5. Statue in sanctuary of Alexandra at Amyklai, Paus. 3..19.6.

Korinna. Boiotian poetess. Tomb inTanagra, Paus. 9.22.3.

Korkyne. Nurse of Ariadne. Tomb shown by Naxians, Plut. Thes. 20.5.

Koronides. Daughters of Orion, Menippe and Metioche. Sacrificed themselves to end plague in Boiotia; sanctuary in Orchomenos, Ant. Lib. Met. 25; Ov. Met. 13.685-99.

Koronis. Mother of Asklepios. Had a wooden xoanon at Titane which received sacrifice simultaneously with the sacrifice to Asklepiios, but not in his sanctuary, Paus. 2.11.7l Athenian sacrifice to Koronis and Asklepios, Tert. Ad Nat. 2.14.

Kotyto. A Thracian goddess assimilated to Greek myth as one of the daughters of Timandros.

Ktesylla. Girl of Keos who eloped with her lover and died in childbirth. Her body disappeared and the oracle instructed the people to found a sanctuary called Ktesylla. The Keans at Ioulis, her birthplace, sacrifice to Aphrodite Ktesylla and the others to Ktesylla Hekaerge. Ant. Lib. Met. 1.

Kyniska. Historical figure, daughter of Archidamos II of Sparta. Had heroon at the Plane tree grove in Sparta. Paius. 3.15.1.

Lais. Historical figure? Fourth-century courtesan. Tomb at temple of Black Aphrodite in Corinth, Paus. 2.2.4. Tomb in Thessaly, Paus. 2.2.4. Stoned to death by jealous women in sanctuary of Aphrodite, Plut. Amat. 21.767f-768a.

Lampsake. Daughter of native rule of Bebrykes, eponymos of city Lampsakos. Saved Greek colonists from murder by the native people. Was buried within the city and given first heroic, then divine, honors. Plut. De mul. Vir. 255a; Strab. 13.589.

Lathria and Anaxandra. Sisters who married the sons of Aristodemos. Tomb in Sparta beside the temkple of Lykourgos. Paus. 3.16.6.

Lerine. Heroine partner of Leros. Inscribed ivory dedicated to both found on island off modern-day Cannes, third to first century B.C. Strab. 4.1.10.

Leukippides. Daughters of Leukippos, Hilaeira and Phoibe, wives of the Dioskouroi. Sanctuary at Sparta with priestesses also called Leukippides, Paus. 3.16.1,Plut. Quaest. Graec. 302d .Images in temple of the Dioskoiuroi at Argos, Paus. 2.22.6.

Leukone. Daughter of Aphidas, son of Arkas. Tomb not far from city of Tegea and Leukonian fountain, Paus. 8.44.8.

Leukophryne. Woman (priestess?) buried in sanctuary of Artemis Leukophrynbe in Magnesia, Clem. Al. Protr. 3; Arn. Adv.Nat. 6.6.

Maia. Heroine or goddess who receives sacrifice in the Salaminioi decree with Kourotrophos Iolaos, Alkmene, Herakles, and three anonymous heroes. Probably the nurse of Herakles; AJP 59 (1938)392.

Maira. Daughter of Atlas. According to the Mantineians, buried at village of Maira near ruins of old Mantineia, Paus. 8.12.7. According to Tegeans buried with husband, Tegeates at Tegea, Paus. 8.48.6; Hom. Od. 11.326.

Makaria. Daughter of Herakles, identified with daughter in Euripides’ Heraclidae. Cult uncertain, but there was a spring called Makaria in Attica,Paus. 1.32.5; Strab. 8.6.19. Throwing of flowers and garlands in Makaria’s honor, school. Pl. Hippias Major 293;Timaeus, Lexicon sv.

Medeia. Sorceress and wife of Jason. Possible cult places mentioned in school. Ap. Rhod. Argon. 4. 1217. Hieron of Medeia in cave of Makris on Kerkyra, 4.1153-54. Grave in Epiros, Solin. 2,30. Worshiped in Cilicia, Athenagoras, Leg. Pro Christ. 14.Possible iinvolvement with cult of her children at Corinth.

Melite. Cult unattested by possible. Eponymous heroine of the Attic deme, Philochorus. FGrH 328 F 27.

Messene. Eponymous heroine daughter of Triopas. Established Demeter’s mysteries in Messene, Paus. 4.1.9. Temple of Messene with image of gold and Parian marble, Paus. 4.31.ll. Called with other heroic figures at the refoundation of Messene, Paus. 4.27.6. First given heroic honors by Glaukos, Paus. 4.3.9.

Metaneira. Wife of Keleos and hostess of Demeter at Eleusis. Keleos and Mataneira worshiped as gods by Athenians, Athenagoras, Leg. Pro Christ. 14. Hieron on road from Eleusis to Megara near the Flower Well, Paus. 1.39.2.

Mollpadia. Amazon who killed Theseus’ wife Antiope. Tomb at Athens, Paus. 1.2.1.

Niobe. Wife of Amphion. Buried at Sipylos on gulf of Smyrna, Auson. Epistulae 27. Memorials at Thebes, school. Eur. Phoen. 159-60. Niobeion mentioned in inscription from Orchomenos, IG 7.3170.

Oinoe. Cult unceartain. Eponym of the Attic deme Oinoe; sister of Epochos and “another youth” who appear on the statue base of Nemesis at Rhamnous, Paus. 1.33.8.

Oinone. (1) First wife of Paris, whom he abandoned for Helen. Buried with Paris on Trojan plain, Strab. 13.1.33. Story in Parth. Amat. Narr. 4; (2) Festival Oinoneia at Aigina in honor of a heroine Oinone? Schol. Pind. Nem. 6.53a.

Oreithya. Wife of Boreas. May have been honored with Boreas at his alter on the Ilissos in Attica, where he was supposed to have abducted her. Pl. Phdr. 229a. Pair invoked by Athenian fleet off Euboia, Hdt. 7. 189.

Pandrosos. Daughter of Kekrops, connection with the Arrephoria. Statues of former arrephori dedicated to Pandrosos and Athene, IG II 2472, 2215. Temple on acropolis, Paus. 1.27.3. Priestess of Aglauros and Pandrosos selected from the Salaminioi.

Parthenoi. (1) The three daughters of Skamandros, honored in Boiotia, Plut. Quaest. Graec. 301ab. (2) Cult name for the Hyakinthides, q.v., and probably for other groups of heroines.

Parathenopoe. One of the Sirens for whom the Neapolitans hed ritual games, Lycoph. Alex. 7212. Tomb in Naples, Strab. 1.2.13, 1.2.18.

Parthenos. Heroine of the Karian Chrsonese. See Hemithea.

Pasiphae. Heroine or goddess who had an oracular shrine at Thalamai in Lakonia; probably not the Cretan Pasiphae, Plut. Agis 9. Same shrine attributed by Pausanias to Ino, Paus. 3.26.1. Inscription to Pasiphae at Thalamai, Forster (1903-4) 188.

Pelarge. Daughter of Potnieios. Revived cult of Kabeiroi and had rites instituted in her honor, including the sacrifice of a pregnant victimn, Paus. 9.25.6.

Penelope. Wife of Odysseus, mother of Pan according to the Arkadians, Hdt. 2.145.4; Apollod. Epit. 7.38. She was said to have died in Mantineia; her tomb on the road out of the city, Paus. 8.12.5.

Phaidra. Wife of Theseeus. Tomb near that of Hippolytos at Trozen, Paus. 2.32.3.

Philonis. Heroine of Thorikos, Konon, FGrH 26F 26. Receives a trapeza in Mounychion.

Phyillis. Thracian princess who fell in love with Demophon or his brother Akamas, and eponymous heroine of the district in Thrace. When her lover abandoned her, she cursed him and hanged herself. Apollod. Epit. 6.16;Lucian, Salt. 40 says the Athen9ians danced every year in honor of Phyllis and her lover; Aesch 2. 31 and schol. Say Athenian disasters in the arreawere caused by Phyllis’ curse; Antipater of Thessalonica (Anth. Pal. 7.705) mentions her tomb at Amphipolis; the tomb of Phyllis is also mentioned in Colluthon, Raptio Helenae 214.

Phylonoe. Daughter of Tyndareos. Made immortal by Artemis, Apollod. Bibl. 3.10.6, Hes. Fr. 23a 10 M.-W. Worshiped at Sparta, Athenagoras, Leg. Pro Christ. 1. The Lakedaimonians honor Agamemnon Zeus and Phylonoe, Athanasius, Presbeia 1.

Physkoa. Lover of Dionysos and mother of Narkaios. First to worship Dionysos. Chorus in her honor set uyp by the Sixteen Swomen of Elis, Paus. 5.26.6.

Plataia. Daughter of Asopos; eponymous of Plataia. Heroon there, Paus. 9.2.5.

Polyboia. Sister of Hiyakintos, shown on the altar of Apollo at Amyklai beingcarried into heavaens swith her brother, Paus. 3..19.4. Identified with Artemis or Kore.

Polykrite. Naxian woman left in temkple precinct when the Milesians invaded. She became the mistress of an enemy general who agreed to betray the Milesians, thus saving the Naxians. She died under a shower of offerings by grateful Naxians, and her tomb called the “tomb of the grudge”, received chthonic sacrifice. Parth. Amat. Narr. 9 = Andriskos, FGrH 500 F 1; Plut. De mul. Vir. 254b.

Prokris. Daugahtear of Erectheus, wife of Kephalos. Receives a trapeza in the Thorikos deme calendar; pairaed with Kephalos.

Psamathe. Mother of Linos. Her grief over the death of Linos betrayed her secret, and she was killed by Krotopos, herfather; Apollo punished the Argives with a famine until mother and son were propitiated. Konon, FGrH 26 F 1.19; her grave possibly one of the two at Argos connected with Linos. Paius. 2.19.7.

Pyrgo. Wife of Alkathous. Tomb in Megara, Paus. 1.43.4.

Pyrrha. Wife of Deukalion. Grave in Euboia where Deukalion is said to have lived, though his tomb is reportedly at Athens, Strab. 9.4.2.

Rhadine. Lover of Leontichos; both were murdered by a jealous tyran. Those crossed in love pray at the tomb on the way to the Heraion on Samos, Paus. 7.5.6; Strabo locates the tomb at the town in Samos in Eleia, Strab. 8.3.20 and says that Stesichorus wrote a song about them.

Sappho. The poetess. Cult in Lesbos suggested by coins showing her sitting atop a shrine. British Museum Catalogue (1892), Lesbos, Pl. 39.II.

Sea Women. Army of women whom Dioinysos led from the Aegean islands to do battle with Perseus. Buried at Argos, Paus. 2.22.1.

Semele. Mother of Dionysos. She was once mortal, but is now immortal like her son. Hes. Theog. 940-42. Cult places at Thebes; sekos on the Theban acropolis in the “house of Kadmos,” Paus. 9.12.3; Eur. Bacch. 596-600; SEG 19. 379. Tomb by shrine of Dionysos Lysios at the Proitian gates, Paus. 9.16.4. Cult place on Mt. Kithairon and sacred thiasoi, Eur. Phoen. 1755-56 with school. Tomb of Semele at Prasiai in Lakonia, Paus. 3.24.3. Sacrifice in fasti at Mykonos, SIG 1024; sacrifice with Dionysos in deme calendar of Erchia in Attica, LSCG 18, A 45ff.. Herois festival at Delphi, Plut. Quaest. Graec. 293cf. Semele given name Theyone on her apotheosis, Apollod. Bibl. 3.5.3.

Sibylla of Erythrai. Evidence of cult is late, but tradition of Sibyl dates from classical period. Second-century B.C. calendar of Erythrai.

Sibylla of Marpessos. Tomb in sanctuary of Apollo at Gergis, Phlegon, FGGrH 257 F 2.

Skylla. Daughter of Nisos. Said to be buried where she was washed ashore at Herminoe, Strab. 8.6.23. Denied burial, Paus. 2.34.7.

Tarpeia. Roman heroine who betrayed the city to the Sabines and was killed by the conquerors. She was associated with the Tarpeian Rock in Rome. Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 20.403 mentions regular offerings at her tomb. Livy 1.11; Plut. Rom. 17.

Theano. Heroine whose altar was discovered on Delos. Perhaps the Homeric Theano: Il. 3.146, 3.203,5,70; 6,298; 7, 348; 11,224.

Triteia. Priestess ofAthene who became mother of Melanippos by Ares. The people of the Achaian city of Triteia sacrificed to both Ares and Triteia, Paus. 7.22.5.

Trygon. Nurse of Asklepios in Arkadia. Tomb in sanctuary of Child Asklepios, Paus. 8.25.11.

Swives of Heroes – Elis. The Eleans poured libations to all the heroes and wives of heroes, Paus. 5.15.12.

Wives of Heroes – Oropos. On the altar of Amphiaraos at Oropos, one section was devoted to heroes and tahe wives of heroes, Paus. 1.34.2.

Xenodoke. Daugther of the evil Syleus of Aulis in Lydia. Herakles killed him and was entertained by his brother. He made love to Xonodoke and left the girl to die pining away for him. The inhabiatantsbuilt a temple of Herakles over her tomb, Konon, FGrH 26 F 1.17; Apollod. Bibl. 2.6.3.