Chapter 8

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The waking EEG is characterized by

occasional delta activity.

periods of alpha and beta activity.

regular changes in heart rate, blood pressure and respiration.

bursts of K complexes.

Sleeping subjects who are awakened during REM sleep almost always

report narrative dreams.

insist they were still awake.

report frightening situations.

report they were not dreaming.

REM sleep

almost always follows a period of slow-wave sleep.

occurs four or five times during an 8-hour sleep and lasts approximately 90 minutes.

contains more than 50 percent delta activity.

is the deepest stage of sleep.

All of the following lend support to the notion that sleep is an adaptive response except:

Large predators like lions can sleep whenever and wherever they want.

Cows sleep very little because they need to remain awake to guard against predators.

The Indus dolphin sleeps while it swims, a total of seven hours per day.

Shrews that need to eat a lot sleep very little.

When sleep-deprived subjects are permitted to sleep normally, they

regain most of the stage 1 sleep they lost.

do not regain all the sleep they lost.

experience a nearly equal percentage of recovery for all stages of sleep.

go directly into REM sleep from waking.

The effects of forced exercise using the yoked-control technique

increased subjects' needs for REM sleep on recovery nights following the experiment.

reduced the total sleep time of experimental and control subjects by the same amount.

include an increase in body temperature.

are exaggerated when subjects are fed an enriched diet.

Exercise increases the amount of slow-wave sleep only if

body temperature rises.

brain temperature rises.

body temperature decreases.

brain temperature decreases.

Subjects were treated to an interesting outing before spending the night in a sleep laboratory in order to

increase mental activity without affecting physical activity.

eliminate affects of external stress.

reduce fluctuations in metabolic rate.

maintain a constant level of alertness.

Which of the following statements about thermoregulation and sleep is not true?

Warm baths increase the amount of slow-wave sleep.

People's alertness during the day is related to their body temperature.

The anterior hypothalamus and adjacent preoptic area contain neural circuits involved in thermoregulation.

Humans can save a considerable amount of energy by lowering body temperature during sleep.

The rebound phenomenon

indicates that REM sleep has the same function as slow-wave sleep.

occurs when REM sleep-deprived subjects are permitted to sleep normally.

results when aspects of REM sleep intrude into wakefulness.

suggests that REM sleep deprivation causes physiological harm.

The REM sleep of rats who were trained to run a complex maze

increased until the maze was mastered and then returned to baseline levels.

decreased until the maze was mastered and then returned to baseline levels.

increased each day during training.

decreased each day during training.

All of the following suggest that restoration and repair take place during slow-wave sleep except:

Slow-wave sleep increases following periods of emotional stress.

Growth hormone is secreted during slow-wave sleep.

Protein synthesis is increased during sleep, especially in animals like rats.

Cerebral blood flow is decreased during slow-wave sleep.

Which neurotransmitter does not play an excitatory role in arousal or wakefulness?

acetylcholine

norepinephrine

neuropeptide Y

serotonin

The firing rate of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus correlates best with

the activity of neurons in the SCN.

vigilance.

the activity of ACh neurons.

the basic rest activity cycle.

Which statement is not true of the POAH?

This part of the brain is involved in thermoregulation.

The POAH is part of the basal forebrain; the preoptic area and the adjacent anterior hypothalamus.

Warming the POAH can induce slow-wave sleep.

Neurons in the POAH are directly sensitive to changes in brain temperature, however they are not sensitive to thermosensors in the skin.

PGO waves

are brief bursts of electrical activity that originate in the basal forebrain.

are the first sign of a bout of REM sleep in animals.

control muscular paralysis.

are detected by an enzyme stain.

All of the following are involved in the neural circuitry of REM sleep except:

raphe nuclei

peribrachial area

acetylcholinergic neurons

medial pontine reticular formation

The right amount of sleep is

only obtained by infants.

whatever seems to be enough.

assured with sleeping medication.

infrequently obtained by insomniacs.

Sleep apnea is

a form of pseudoinsomnia.

a side affect of sleeping medications.

a period of sleep without dreams.

the inability to sleep and breathe at the same time.

During a cataplectic attack, the individual

awakens gasping for breath.

tries to act out dreams.

is unconscious.

is overcome by muscular paralysis.

Which of the following is not true about biological clocks?

They control circadian and seasonal rhythms.

They include structures such as the SCN and pineal gland.

They are often synchronized by zeitgebers.

They are found only in mammals.

How did the daily behavior of a rat change with constant dim illumination?

Periods of activity increased and periods of sleep decreased.

Food consumption increased with activity levels.

The biological clock ran slower; activity began about one hour later each day.

Body temperature increased slightly with constant light.

The primary biological clock of the rat is located in the

suprachiasmatic nucleus.

reticular formation.

locus coeruleus.

pons.

All of the following are true about the "ticking" of the biological clock, except:

"Ticking" is intrinsic to individual neurons.

Infusion of the drug TTX abolishes both circadian rhythms and "ticking".

activity cycles of neurons in the SCN are synchronized.

The per and tim genes appear to control intracellular ticking.